Introduction: There is no problem of mankind except
death, which cannot be solved. No matter, how much a problem is critical but if
we try to solve it and know the ways and means to solve it, we can easily solve
the problem. As there are stars in the sky, there are possibilities in a life.
But you are to try and awaken it. Keep on solving a problem, keeping the
possible danger in mind, take measures according to the situation. While taking
a decision for solving a problem, we are to carefully, consider the nature of
the occurrences, policies followed by others in the similar cases and powers
and efficiency of our own. Efforts for solving a problem are to be continued in
different ways instead of trying to solve it uselessly in old and inactive
methods. If a problem is not solve in a particular way, adopt some other way to
solve. Collection of data pinpointing a problems, approval and determination of
a substitute taking action and selecting substitute taking up provisionally,
application or implementation, evaluation, cancellation and renewal, solving
the problem considering deeply, are considered as the factors of taking a
decision. Objectives, standard of activities, pinpointing the problems,
determining several substitutes, decision (sense of values, standard of
education, politics, emotion), evaluation, implementation and control, feed
back, comparison and rectification, are the model factors of taking a correct
decision. We should not be emotional while taking an important decision. A
decision is to be measured with the measuring sticks of number, effectiveness,
justification and stability. A decision without implementation can never be
called a decision. Its common formula is to be discoursed following upward and
downward methods. A theory is to be applied to a particular case after
collecting data in support of the theory.
Support us- There
are many ways you can support us. Fund raise and make a donation or investment to help
finance a project. We are committed to directing all donations or investment
to the community level. Your donations or investment will improve the lives of
communities. Ongoing projects and programs we are providing much needed
assistance for the most needy people. ex: A donation of just US $ 30 can put a
child through school for 1 year. A donation of just US $ 40 can provide a
tube-well and safe water supply for a small village. A donation of just US $ 20
can provide seeds and training to cultivate a vegetable garden. A donation of
just US $ 30 can provide a sanitary latrine to improve hygiene and reduce
diseases. A donation of just US $ 40 can provide a disabled person with a
caretaker for a whole year. It can also purchase a wheelchair or such device.
Alternatively, by making a regular donation you can help finance one of the
many programs or projects. If you wish to make a donation please contact us.
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Welcome and thank you for your interest in serving.
The program provides a unique opportunity to learn more about the daily
operations of general people. In addition to normal office duties, interns
attend weekly lectures, volunteer at special events, participate in tours, and
contribute to a community service project in the area. Percipients are unpaid
positions and participants are responsible for arranging their own activities.
We invite you to apply. It can help you determine your areas of interest and
assist you in making an capability which might fit your qualifications. D”P Approximately
few interns are chosen each time to participate in this highly competitive
program. Interns will be selected based on their application and demonstrated interest
in service. Applicants must be at least 18 years of age. Those are
undergraduate or graduate at a college or university, attach resume and letters
of recommendation. The success will depend on the quality appointees we choose
to join us to lead this nation in the years ahead, we will look for people who
are willing to work hard to do what is best for the country, who examine the
facts and do what is right whether or not it is popular. We will look for
people from across the country and from every walk of life. We welcome all who
are ready for this great challenge to apply.
: Positions for Counselors:
: Homeland, Security and Peace,
: Defense,
: Law, Justice and Administration,
: Foreign Affairs,
: Establishment, Election and Special Affairs,
: Finance and Treasury, Economic Planning, Cooperation
and Logistics Development, Budget, Internal Revenue, Credit, Endowment,
Reserve, Invest,
: Commerce, Trade and Industry, Energy, Agriculture,
Harmonization in the Internal Market, Patent Designs and Trademark,
: Communities and Local Government, Social and Family
Affairs, Veterans Affairs, Senior Citizens, Child and Youth, Women and Gender
Equality, Fundamental- Civil and Legal Rights, Intelligent Network,
: Education, Training, Standards & Technology,
Science and Research,
: Mental and physical health, Disease Prevention and
Control, Medicines, Drugs and Drug Addiction, and Firearms.
: Food, Consumer Protection, Agrifood Production,
Community Food Safety, Aids,
: Housing, Building and Development, Reconstruction
and Historic Preservation,
: Work, Labour and Skills, Equal Employment, Safety
and Health at Work, Social Security and Pensions,
: Transport, Communication, Media and Press, Printing,
Archives and Records, Information and Information Security, Entertainment and
Sport, Tourism, Religion, Culture,
: Environmental Property and Nature Conservation,
wildlife- forest- land- water- air- bird- animal and fish service, Chemical
Hazard and Safety,
The duties of the counselor- can be summed upto
receive complaints and claims for damages and decide on financial compensation
for such damages. Act as the gov. ombudsman in the supervision of the
authorities and the civil servants, and to take action in cases of abuse.
Settling complaints on the work of state agencies or state officials. i.e.
cases of maladministration, in which constitutional rights or freedoms of
individuals have been violated with individual acts or measures. Act as the
guardian for the protection of privacy in different fields. Ensuring that authorities
fulfil the obligations deriving from the principles of the rule of law and
protection of human and social rights, human dignity, freedom, equality and
democracy. The habit of quick understanding, taking decision instantly, strong
will power, sharp and of meaningful speech are the quality of a general and a
diplomat, that makes a person executive in the real sense of the term.
Factors to Consider: To serve a country as a member
will be both an honour and a privilege but it is not for everyone. Anyone thinking
about applying should be aware that. Your information will be kept on file and
you will be considered for the position(s) or subject area(s) in which you have
expressed an interest whenever openings occur. Most applicants under serious
consideration must be disclosed for an appointment will go through a full
background check in which their employment, profession, personal, travel,
medical, financial holdings, sources of income, legal, military and educational
histories will be reviewed and scrutinized.
Narrative Responses: Why would you be a good
representative of the service? What would you contribute to the intern program?
Which of the policies is most important to you, why? What do you consider your
most significant accomplishment, why?
Appointments: Select men and women of the greatest
ability and highest ethical and professional integrity to serve in policymaking
and key administrative positions in communities administration.
Executive Summury: The need is built a network system
as a informative infrastructure. First lunch a campaign to the local community.
Motivate them to inter act with us for their purpose. After few months this
program will operate as coordinator among their supply and demand, and the
system will be self-existence. The expected outcomes and achievements of the
ministry is more or less like a e-govt. and this will be operating successfully
because of peoples best participation. This communication
infrastructure will also produce a general fund.
Only needs center base computer operator and a postal, currier, mobile, network
services. Throw community worker and member this structure will focus to a
developed life standard among religion, social, economical, political etc. to
the millennium people. This communication starts a new era for the
civilization. Expenditure of a community depend of peoples dedication it may
very Tk 5,000 to Tk 50,000 per annual. Commission will distribute in few tiers.
Example for a task: 1st- 10% to a liaison person, who makes to join
a new member. 2nd- 25% to a writer person who cast & write data
according format and send to local base. 3rd- 20% to a local
community counselor who coordinate final supply and demand through analytical
feed back. Rest 45% will be reserved as a common fund for further step. Per
week is a reporting period for a particular task.
Startup- A group of visionary
community workers as a voluntary, through community development we endeavours
to raise the socio-economic condition of numerous disadvantaged and vulnerable
communities. Through human resource development we mobilizes local resources in
a dynamic way. By involving people in their own health, education, rights,
economic, agricultural and community development we strives for sustainability.
We collaborates with development ideas, strategies and approaches. Thorough
project planning involves assessment of community needs, development of
implementation strategies and realistic forecasting of productivity and
potential for sustainability. Projects are implemented in partnership with
local communities. Our relations with civil society have been changing in
keeping with the shift in our overall objectives, with emphasis moving from
work at a project level to an increasingly strategic engagement to support
achievement of these goals. As part of this we are taking a much more dynamic
look at the role of civil society in pushing for social, economic and political
change. We have been engaging directly with a wider range of organisations
across civil society seeking to support them in their role of helping to
enhance their capacity to organise and get their voice heard, and to demand
better services and better access to them.
Vision-
We aims to empower individuals
and encourage them to participate in integrated sustainable community development.
To implement innovative result oriented projects everywhere for the betterment.
To have a staff of people that will be doing their best to provide all related
services.
Mission- Create an honest and loyal platform, so
interested could help rural people through their contribution and involvement,
arrange structural social improvement in the grass root level. We aims to
develop and increase the skills of local communities by inspiring people to
become actively involved in programs and projects. Consequently, the capacity
to strive for social and economic security and sustainable development is
increased. We seek to grow and develop towards being recognized as the service
provider, furthermore we aim to be the most admired and professional solution provider.
To provide the needed tools and winning edge over competition to help in
penetrating the market.
Values: Commitment- Diversity and believes that
serving together creates opportunities for people to appreciate their
differences and creates a platform for mutual respect. Responsibility- Civic engagement and
believes that service transforms individuals into active citizens and leaders
who take an increasingly greater role in the community. Courtesy- Believes that cultivating
volunteers dedication and passion leads to providing excellent service and
programs. Competence-
We are competent and strive to continuously develop and improve our skills and
business practices. Integrity- We
have integrity as individuals and as teams our decisions are characterised by
honesty and fairness. Opportunity- Empower local people more effectively. Use
more detailed, culturally specific knowledge to impact on local policies.
Improve innovation and a responsiveness to local issues, involve the people
more directly, make a difference at a grass-roots level.
Goal: Idea, innovation, model sharing, advice, needs,
wants, crisis, etc. consequence fact finding for governing and mass management
practice. Personal, family, social, national, international problems and
solutions, awareness building, coordination, knowledge sharing, education and
training, concept, creativity, idealism exchange etc. and create a fact finding
data bank.
Purpose: To serve a informative interaction to
feedback national and global prospect within community.
Results and Output: All
information will be placed classified and categorically and action will take place through automatic hierarchy system.
Efficiency: All networks of administration can make a
channel jointly to improve the overall efficiency.
Feasibility: Between virtual and realistic
communication it is far more easier.
Innovation: It’s a totally new and unique method. This
may include arrangements and responsibilities. And processes in place for
ensuring new knowledge and best practice arising from the project are
incorporated into future projects.
Networking: To include mechanisms for dissemination
outside project stakeholders, who are the direct beneficiaries (primary
stakeholders) and others (secondary stakeholders) who will be affected by or
involved in the project.
Accountability: Describe the nature of work. Its
mission through a variety of activities, like legal support and program
analyses.
Reliability: Describe goal for how its work. Produce
high quality reports, legal opinion, and other program and services that are
timely, accurate, useful, clear and candid.
Integrity: Describe the standards of its work. It
takes fact based and balanced approach to all of its activities. Integrity is
the foundation of reputation.
Work location: Every level of constituency is the
working location for the statement that the people make.
Risk: There is a risk for available suitable
implementation and monitoring. We are asking to the local community members,
other field worker, local organized association and existing different
syndicates for franchise and partnership work dilemma. Major cause of a problem
is lack of knowledge. Talk to others in the community to hear different views
that will enable to form new holistic strategy.
The constitution: Motto- Every individual will
maintain religious formalities and work according to his individual choice
which will bring solvency a positive result for national works program, which
will be regulated and enforced by the law of the state. Liberty- Opportunity - everybody should have an easy access to
employment according to his eligibility. Matters regarding daily essential
commodities and services, control and management of markets, proper
administration and communication, specially water and land transportation, and
welfare of the retired personnel etc. should be given due importance and
necessary actions for implementation of the schemes. People should have trust,
loyalty and support in favour of this practice, directly or indirectly without
sufficient reasons they should perform duties properly with secrecy, trust,
honesty and sincerity.
Our services- We are providing a variety of solutions and
services. We provide operations with outsourced logistics such in service
customization and packaging and back to back applications to further ease the
business with dealers channel. Future
Plan- We have already established a world class standard center and in
future we will establish decntralised standard service center. Broad outcomes-
obtain and maintain employment, be addiction free, be violence free, reach
their full potential provides for the healthy development, achieve financial
independence, good health, and personal stability. Services build on client
strengths. Services
are easy to access and are available. The community is the natural
environment for individuals to live, learn, work and play. Service delivery builds on
community plans,
services, and delivery systems. We understand our common and separate goals
within that environment. We plan services and share resources with our partners
to meet shared goals most effectively. We use client and outcome data to direct
resources. We suspend relationships with non-performers. Our diversity
strengthens our decision making, our services and our communication. We provide an excellent value. Keep funders informed, to ensure continued funding.
Major activities: A member
& community developer will enounce through their channels to the local communities
and individuals. The candidate may proceed direct to the operator or may
through them. Especially every religious and educational spots will be the
center for all community members. We will focus our efforts on three
pillars. First, we will expand our law enforcement effort to capture, detain,
and prosecute known and suspected negativers. Second,
we will focus decisive military power and specialized intelligence resources to
defeat problems. Finally, with the cooperation of its partners and appropriate
international organizations, we will continue our aggressive plan to eliminate
the sources of problems.
Place, interest and intention base community:
Every community consists of various social classes
separated by divides, these divides are in general defined by the moral values,
life styles, world-view, cultural standards and economic means of the classes
in question. Generally speaking, the leading elite of community have a more
degenerate lifestyle whereas the majority of people try to stay clear and safe
of this decadence. The characteristics common to most members of this leading
elite are arrogance because of their wealth, status, office, property, beauty
or fame and the fact that they are leading figures of a decadent way of life.
Corruption, injustice, prostitution, drug dealing, arms smuggling, murders,
conflict and chaos, immorality, insecurity, fear and anxiety, discretion and
secrecy etc are the criminal code of the underworld fraternity, solidarity is
only based on self-interest. Lies, deceit and slander are most cunning tactics
to getting office, status and material wealth and also power. People are thus
judged by wealth rather than character. They will respect even the most
contemptible people in the world provided they are rich and powerful and can
benefit them. To side with people whom they regard as powerful is one of their
typical character traits. According to this false logic, ‘might is right’.
Therefore, when those considered to be powerful do injustices, break the law or
repeatedly commit crimes. At the base, underlying conditions such as poverty,
corruption, religious conflict and ethnic strife create opportunities for
negetivers to exploit, they use these conditions to justify their actions and
expand their support. Some of these conditions are real and some manufactured.
They belief that terror is a legitimate means to address such conditions and
effect political change is a fundamental problem enabling terrorism to develop
and grow. The international environment defines the boundaries within which
terrorists’ strategies take shape. As a result of freer, more open borders this
environment unwillingly provides access to havens, capabilities, and other
support to terrorists. But access alone is not enough, those must have a
physical base from which to operate. Both physical (e.g., safe houses, training
grounds) and virtual (e.g., reliable communication and financial networks) that
terrorists need to plan, organize, train, and conduct their operations. Once
entrenched in a safe operating environment, the organization can begin to
solidify and expand. Organization’s structure, membership, resources, and
security determine its capabilities and reach. At the top of the structure, the
negative leadership provides the overall direction and strategy that links all
these factors and thereby breathes life into a negative campaign. The
leadership becomes the catalyst for negative action. The loss of the leadership
can cause many organizations to collapse. Some groups however, are more
resilient and can promote new leadership should be original fall or fail. Still
others have adopted a more decentralized organization with largely autonomous
cells. In this environment, terrorists work together in funding, sharing
intelligence, training, logistics, planning, and executing attacks. Linked by
ideology, resources, common enemy, mutual support, sponsorship, result and
synergy. Hardcore members are the most dangerous and violence prone, these are
the leaders, enforcers, and shooters. They completely committed to gang life
and have numerous contacts with the system. Frequently, not more than ten
percent of members are hardcore. Associate members are criminally active,
generally in their teens, associates tend to exhibit violent or aggressive
behaviour and often commit crimes to elevate their status within the gang.
Often on the fringes of criminal activity, wannabes sometimes act as runners or
weapons holders, and some can become dangerous in their attempts to impress
gang members. There
is a hierarchical structure within the society, there are the leaders and their
supporters. Every member's responsibilities are clearly defined. As a
principle, they act as one body in a highly organized fashion. There is also a
task sharing mechanism in place between members where every member knows what
to do without it being explicitly stated. Yet another member will protect him
if something goes wrong. Defensive as well as offensive activities are carried
out in complete unanimity. The unanimity in the community is an instinctive
necessity based on the individual's fear that ‘I could be next’. Besides all
these fears there is also the fear of losing everything for reasons of social
change. Another important fear of the community is, as mentioned, the loss of
benefits. One of the best-known fears of the community members is that of
losing their place in the community and thus being faced with isolation. Apart
from losing their share in the collective profits, to be alone means that the
community member cannot continue to exist. He will have lost the protection and
support of the community which increases certain downfall. There is yet another
fear that haunts community members, that the community should lose its
authority. Their solidarity is the consequence of positive moral qualities like
loyalty, devotion, faithfulness and love. All the members unite in the face of
danger to its source, and continue to act as one body until it is certain that
the danger has passed. To defend the other means to defend oneself. Every
member feels responsible for covering up the other's morality and non crimes.
For the community, numbers are important and it wants to increase them
constantly. The more community members there are, the greater the extent of the
propaganda. In the case of danger, each individual member will act for the
community. It
will become easier to suppress opposing voices and therefore easier to protect
itself. This is why anyone who has had any dealings with the community is
quickly sucked in and then never again permitted to leave. For these people,
values like patience, devotion, loyalty and good character mean everything.
The majority of people come under the spell of this
mass psychology and become part of the system. The community has developed a
highly comprehensive and complex defense mechanism in order to protect its
existing structure, to preserve its power and to prevent potential harm. In
morally degenerate societies all over the world, there are people who protect
the community in various media organizations, in the security forces and from
within the justice system. These people cover up the perversions and criminal
activities of the community and make financial gains at the same time. They are
used in intrigues for the purpose of destabilizing the enemy and to clear the
name of the community. Staging conspiracies is where the community is most
successful and it is the most frequently used method when faced with the threat
of danger. They make detailed plans in their secret meetings to eliminate
anything considered a potential threat to themselves or their system. Then they
take all the necessary precautions for the smooth running of the conspiracies
they plan. To achieve their missions, they prepare evidence if needed and act
out the most incredible scenarios with the aid of witnesses. It is not
difficult for the community leader to find the actors to play out these
scenarios because there is no shortage of suitable candidates within the
community. Young people who give into the community soon become totally dependent
on the community’s activities to survive and find themselves in a emerging
goal. Group of people depend on the communities continuity for their own
existence and rely on the protection of the communities leaders. It is one of
their responsibilities to make the frontline in the battle against the
community’s enemies. Everybody in totalitarian societies knows deep down that
the dictator ruling them is tyrannical and merciless, they witness the
inconsistencies and inequalities, but never rebel against the leader who seems
to be so powerful. These are under the total control of the community, obedient
to their leaders, they move as directed.
Methodology: Doctrine of necessities is the concise
expression of how forces contribute to campaigns, major operations, and
engagements. It is a guide to action. It
provides a common frame of reference across the system. It helps standardize
operations, facilitating readiness by establishing common ways of accomplishing
tasks. Doctrine links theory, history, experimentation, and practice. Its
objective is to foster initiative and creative thinking. Doctrine provides an
authoritative body of statements on how forces conduct operations and provides
a common lexicon for use by planners and leaders. Logistics
is the art and science of planning and carrying out the movement and
maintenance of forces.
In its most comprehensive sense, it is those aspects
or operations that deal with: Design, development, acquisition, storage,
distribution and disposition of materiel. Movement, evacuation, and hospitalization
of personnel. Acquisition or construction, maintenance, operation and
disposition of facilities. Acquisition or furnishing of services. Our judgments
must be based not only upon professional knowledge of the numerous aspects of
logistics itself but also upon an understanding of the interplay of closely
related considerations such as strategy, tactics, intelligence, training,
personnel and finance. However, case studies have shown that more quantitative,
statistical analysis are often a significant improvement on human judgment. Strategy is the
art of distributing and applying means to fulfill the ends of policy, it
encompasses the management of the resources of an entire community in the
conduct of action. In the environment of the grand strategy, the component is
largely reduced to operational strategy, the planning and control of large
units such as corps and divisions.
Fundamental to grand strategy is the diplomacy through
which a community might forge alliances or pressure another community into
compliance, thereby achieving victory without resorting to combat. Another
element of grand strategy is the management of the post-action peace. Hence, both gave
the preeminence to political aims over goals, ensuring civilian control.
Objective- it is direct operation towards a clearly defined, decisive, and
attainable objective. Offensive- seize, retain, and exploit the initiative.
Mass- it concentrate combat power at the decisive place and time. Economy of Force-
it allocate minimum essential combat power to secondary efforts. Maneuver- it place
the enemy in a disadvantageous position through the flexible application of
combat power. Unity
of Command- for every objective, ensure unity of effort under one responsible
commander. Security- never permit the enemy to acquire an unexpected advantage.
Surprise - strike the enemy at a time, at a place, or in a manner for which he
is unprepared. Simplicity- prepare clear, uncomplicated plans and clear,
concise orders to ensure thorough understanding.
Offensive strategies: Ambush- An attack on an opponent
usually involving surprise. Blitzkrieg- A bombardment immediately followed by a
lightning swift attack by mobile forces. Charge- Direct attack, usually by running
upto the opponent. Counterattac- An attack when an enemy has attacked, usually
when the enemy is weak or complacent. Encirclement- To isolate and surround
enemy forces. Flanking maneuver- This strategy involves attacking the opponent
from the side, or rear, flank. Human wave attack- Humans used to attack in
continuous waves, almost in a desperation move. Penetration- A direct attack
through the enemy lines, then attack the rear once through. Pincer maneuver-
Allowing the enemy to attack the center, sometimes in a charge, then attacking
the flanks of the charge. Raiding- Attacking with the purpose of removing
enemy's supply or provisions. Siege- Continuous attack by bombardment on a
fortified position, usually by artillery. Some practices have not changed since
the dawn of warfare: ambushes, seeking and turning flanks, maintaining
reconnaissance, creating and using obstacles and defences infinitum. Using ground to best advantage has not
changed much either, heights, rivers and swamps, passes and choke points,
natural cover, all of these can be used in multiple ways. What does change constantly is the
technological dimension, as well as the sociology of combatants.
Principles of tactics: Identification of objectives-
Also referred to as 'selection and maintenance of the aim'. Tactics should be
directed to achieve a particular outcome such as the capture of a hill, a
successful disengagement from an advancing enemy. Or merely causing a greater
proportional loss to the enemy than to your own force (attrition). Force
concentration- A blade is edged so that it lands with more energy per square
centimeter than an equal width blunt object. Concentration of effort is a
fighting force's edge. Once an aim is identified, time, resources and effort
are expended to achieve it. Once an aim is identified, earmark enough resources to
achieve it and focus them on the task. Exploiting prevailing weather-
Exploiting night, again this is not a principle of war, but a temporary
advantage of technology. Maintenance of reserves- It allows a tactician to
exploit new opportunities, or react quickly to reverses and unexpected
developments. Economy of force- The attentive knows his troops, equipment and
supplies must be husbanded and used carefully, only if there is a good chance
of success. Force protection- Another component is the principle of security. A
unit or formation must always have sentries or reconnaissance deployed,
specialized weapons against specific attacks such as anti-aircraft defences
today. Must
always be carefully sited and available, even if halted for only a short
period, defensive measures should be taken. Force dispersal- It is interesting
to consider that in a kilometer wide battlefield today's forces might use less
than a 100. Camouflage- it is an ancient measure designed to deceive opponents
and protect one's forces. Outlines have to be broken up textures disguised, and
reflective surfaces dulled. Deception- A wise commander takes measures to let
his opponent only react to the wrong circumstances. Diversionary attacks, feints, decoys there
are thousands of tricks that have successfully used, and still have a role in
the future.
Multiple axis of movement: Patrolling- reconnaissance
patrol, fighting patrol, standing patrol (OP/LP). Ambush- linear ambush, 'L'
ambush, area ambush. Guerrilla- human wave attack, shock and awe, swarming
(military). Planned attack- use of supporting fire, indirect fire support, base
of fire, flying wedge, the refuse (cavalry formation), frontal assault,
penetration or infiltration, pincer movement, flanking maneuver, attrition
warfare. Interdiction- severing or disrupting lines of communication and
supply, air interdiction. Control- Main supply routes. Envelopment tactics- circumvallation,
encircling, siege. Vertical envelopment- airborne forces, air mobile
forces. Rapid
deployment- capturing key points, airborne operations, air mobile operations,
amphibious operations, motorized operations, tank desant, mechanized
operations, armored operations, raiding, preemptive strike. Disrupting
communications- electronic countermeasures, radar jamming, radio jamming,
network jamming. Divide and conquer. Counter attack- counter battery
fire, rapid reaction force. Delaying defence- Break contact. Hedgehog defence.
Attrition warfare is a tactic in which a belligerent attempts to win a war by
wearing down its enemy to the point of collapse through continuous losses in
personnel and material. To wear down the enemy until it lost its ‘will to
fight’. Tactics is a shifting amalgam of psychology, physics, and statistics.
'Drills' try to promote automatic responses to given situations. Action is not
merely a political act, but also a real political instrument, a continuation of
policy carried out by other means. Victory could be achieved by occupying the
enemy's territory rather than destroying others force. Psychological warfare is
often used in modern situations, such as the dropping of leaflets and
propaganda, campaigns. Psychological warfare could be considered a type of
unconventional warfare, this is also known as information wars. This is because
it attempts to influence the mind of the enemy rather than destroy. The press
is one of the most commonly used weapons for spreading propaganda.
Network-centric operations (NCO) seeks to translate an information advantage.
Enabled in part by information technology into a competitive war fighting
advantage through the robust networking of well informed geographically
dispersed forces. This networking, combined with changes in technology,
organization, processes, and people may allow new forms of organizational
behaviour. Specifically, the theory contains the following four tenets in its
hypotheses: A robustly networked force improves information sharing,
Information sharing enhances the quality of information and shared situational
awareness, Shared situational awareness enables collaboration and
self-synchronization, and enhances sustainability and speed of command. And these in turn
dramatically increase mission effectiveness
4D strategy- Defeat, Deny, Diminish and Defend.
Indicators should be brief as ‘SMART’ Specific, Measurable, Attainable,
Realistic, Total time, or indicators should be brief as ‘TQQLT’ Target group,
Quality, Quantity, Location, Total time. 3C: Communication, Command, Control.
Creating awareness, changing mindsets and removing stigmas towards survivors is
also crucial in preventing the vicious cycle from continuing. We are cheated
into this life, not knowing what we are for.
Diplomatic strategy -Diplomacy
has traditionally been heavily influenced by hard power. There are also
incentives in diplomacy to act reasonably, especially if the support of other
actors is needed. The gain from winning one negotiation can be much less than
the increased hostility from other parts, this is also called soft power. Assurance- is the level of
guarantee that a security system will behave as expected. Countermeasure- is a way
to stop a threat from triggering a risk event. Defense in depth- never
rely on one single security measure alone. Exploit- a vulnerability
that has been triggered by a threat a risk. Risk- is a possible event
which could cause a loss. Threat-
is a method of triggering a risk event that is dangerous. Vulnerability - a weakness
in a target that can potentially be exploited by a threat. We should protect
our personnel, installations, operations during Human Intelligence (HUMINT), Imagery
Intelligence (IMINT),
Signal Intelligence (SIGINT),
Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT), Technical
Intelligence (TECHINT),
Open Source Intelligence (OSINT).
Open Source Intelligence (OSINT)
includes a wide variety of information and sources: Media - newspapers,
magazines, radio, television, and computer-based information. Web based communities and user
generated content- social networking sites, video sharing sites,
wikis, blogs, and folksonomies. Public data - government reports, official data
such as budgets and demographics, hearings, legislative debates, press conferences,
speeches, marine and aeronautical safety warnings, environmental impact
statements, contract awards. Observation and reporting- amateur airplane
spotters, radio monitors and satellite
observers (e.g., Google Earth). Professional and academic-
conferences, symposia, professional associations, academic papers, and subject
matter experts. Open source include hard and softcopy maps, atlases, gazetteers,
port plans, gravity data, aeronautical data, navigation data, geodetic data,
human terrain data (cultural and economic), environmental data, commercial
imagery, hyper and multi-spectral data, airborne imagery, geo-names,
geo-features, urban terrain, vertical obstruction data, boundary marker data,
geospatial mashups,
spatial databases,
and web services,
etc.
Investigations typically
involve examining the scene and securing all physical evidence. Seeking out and
obtaining the cooperation of witnesses and taking their statements. Submitting
an investigation brief, once all of the facts are gathered, there are
reasonable grounds to lay a charge against that. Concept of information is
closely related to notions of constraint,
communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge, meaning,
mental stimulus, pattern, perception and representation.
Four factors of subjects
attitudes- 1) The source's mental and physical state. Is the source injured,
angry, crying, arrogant, cocky, or frightened? 2) The source's background, age
and level of military or civilian experience? Consider cultural, ethnic, and
religious factors. 3) The objective of the HUMINT collection. How valuable is
the source's potential information? Is it beneficial to spend more effort
convincing this source to talk? 4) The HUMINT collector himself, what abilities
does he have that can be brought into play? What weaknesses does he have that
may interfere with the HUMINT collection? Are there social or ethnic barriers
to communication? Can his personality adapt to the personality of the source?
System for prioritizing
interview subjects: Cooperation level and code- Responds to direct questions
(c1), Responds hesitantly (c2), Does not respond (c3). Knowledgeability level
and code- Very likely to have pertinent information (cA), May have pertinent information (cB),
Unlikely to have pertinent information (cC). Types of interviews- in
argumentative theory, interrogation is a form of information-seeking dialogue,
but also can include other kinds of dialogue, such as negotiation.
Principles of questioning- the
amount of time spent on this phase will depend mostly on the probable quantity
and value of information the source possesses, the availability of other sources
with knowledge on the same topics, and available time. At the initial contact,
a businesslike relationship should be maintained. As the source assumes a
cooperative attitude, a more relaxed atmosphere may be advantageous. The HUMINT
collector must carefully determine which of the various approach techniques to
employ. Be
more willing to discuss a topic about which the HUMINT collector demonstrates
identical or related experience or knowledge. Appreciate flattery and
exoneration from guilt. Attach less importance to a topic if it is treated
routinely by the HUMINT collector. Resent having someone or something they
respect belittled, especially by someone they dislike. Collection techniques-
perhaps most common are operations that exploit business relationships,
including the marketing and sales phase. There are also efforts targeted at
individuals with sensitive knowledge. From a psychological standpoint, the
HUMINT collector must be cognizant of the following behaviours.
Interrogation techniques- there
are multiple possible methods of interrogation including deception, torture,
increasing suggestibility, and using mind-altering drugs, good cop/bad cop, empathy (empathetic
interrogation). Interrogation is a skilled technique, which often
involves building rapport with the subject. In an intelligence context,
interrogators should be trained specialists, although they may work with
linguists and subject matter experts. To keep the initiative, the interrogator
may not need to be harsh, it can allow polite domination of the conversation.
The interrogation process itself is a HUMINT collection, not analysis
technique. It may well be that the interrogator, after the interview, does
analysis, cross-checking statements made against name indices and wiring diagrams of social networks.
The interrogator checks his notes against the finished report to ensure that
the report contains and identifies the information as heard, seen, or assumed
by the source.
The reid nine steps of
interrogation- 1) Direct confrontation. Lead the suspect to understand that the
evidence has led to the individual as a suspect. Offer the person an early
opportunity to explain why the offence took place. 2) Try to shift the blame
away from the suspect to some other person or set of circumstances that
prompted the suspect to commit the crime. That is, develop themes containing
reasons that will justify or excuse the crime. Themes may be developed or
changed to find one to which the accused is most responsive. 3) Never allow the
suspect to deny guilt. If you’ve let him talk and say the words ‘I didn’t do
it’, and the more often a person says ‘I didn’t do it’, the more difficult it
is to get a confession. 4) At this point, the accused will often give a reason
why he or she did not or could not commit the crime. Try to use this to move
towards the confession. 5) Reinforce sincerity to ensure that the suspect is
receptive. 6) The suspect will become quieter and listen, move the theme
discussion towards offering alternatives. If the suspect cries at this point,
infer guilt. 7) Pose the alternative question, giving two choices for what
happened; one more socially acceptable than the other. The suspect is expected
to choose the easier option but whichever alternative the suspect chooses,
guilt is admitted. 8) Lead the suspect to repeat the admission of guilt infront
of witnesses. 9) Document the suspect's admission and have him or her sign a
confession. Records investigation -detectives may use public and private
records to provide background information on a subject. Detectives can also
search through credit card
records and bank
statements, hotel registration information, credit reports, answer machine messages,
and phone conversations. The best way is to obtain a confession from the
suspect. Detectives may lie, mislead and psychologically pressure a suspect
into an admission or confession as long as they do this within procedural
boundaries and without the threat of violence or promises outside their
control.
Biases can creep into
decision making processes, be careful. Below is a list of some of the more
commonly debated cognitive and
personal biases: 1) Selective search for evidence - we tend to be
willing to gather facts that support certain conclusions but disregard other
facts that support different conclusions. 2) Premature termination of search
for evidence- We tend to accept the first alternative that looks like it might
work. 3) Inertia- Unwillingness to change thought patterns that we have used in
the past in the face of new circumstances. 4) Selective perception- we actively
screen-out information that we do not think is salient. 5) Wishful thinking or
optimism- we tend to want to see things in a positive light and this can
distort our perception and thinking. 6) Choice supportive- it occurs when we
distort our memories of chosen and rejected options to make the chosen options
seem relatively more attractive. 7) Recency or Primacy effect- we tend to
place more attention on more recent information and either ignore or forget
more distant information. 8) Repetition- a willingness to believe what we have
been told most often and by the greatest number of different of sources. 9) Anchoring and
adjustment- decisions are unduly influenced by initial information
that shapes our view of subsequent information. 10) Group think - peer pressure to conform
to the opinions held by the group. 11) Source credibility - we reject something
if we have a bias against the person, organization, or group to which the
person belongs. We are inclined to accept a statement by someone we like. 12)
Incremental decision making and escalating commitment- we look at a decision as
a small step in a process and this tends to perpetuate a series of similar
decisions. 13) Attribution
asymmetry - we tend to attribute our success to our abilities and
talents, but we attribute our failures to bad luck and external factors. We
attribute other's success to good luck, and their failures to their mistakes.
14) Role fulfillment (self fulfilling prophecy)- we conform to the decision
making expectations that others have of someone in our position. 15)
Underestimating uncertainty
and the illusion of control- we tend to underestimate future uncertainty because we
tend to believe we have more control over events than we really do. We believe
we have control to minimize potential problems in our decisions. Street work-
majority of cases are solved by the interrogation of suspects and the
interviewing of witnesses, which takes time. Besides interrogations, detectives
may rely on a network of informants they have cultivated over the years.
Informants often have connections with persons a detective would not be able to
approach formally. Evidence collection and preservation can also help in
identifying a potential suspect(s). In criminal investigations, once a
detective has suspects in mind, the next step is to produce evidence that will
stand up in a court of law.
Tribunal: 1) Judge & Jury face lawyers. 2)
Confession at different circumstance acceptation. 3) Statement of witness face
cross examined 4) Public trial 5) The sentence is for a better humanity.
Verifying the veracity of the allegation in tribunal, at first financial
punishment or physical labour is to be enforced in social action compulsorily
and in case of remediless incident assistance should be provided from the
general fund.
Its aim by attacking their sanctuaries, leadership,
command, control, and communications, material support and finances to
implement a coordinated effort to squeeze, tighten, and isolate the negativers.
Well-coordinated efforts are required to achieve this goal. We must first act
to reduce their scope and capability. This effort requires us to identify the
terrorists, locate their sanctuaries and destroy their ability to plan and
operate. The goal of this front is to choke off the lifeblood of terrorist
groups- their access to territory, funds, equipment, training, technology and
unimpeded transit. This approach will therefore weaken terrorist organizations
and their ability to conduct operations.
The facts who have been victimized are often
vulnerable to being, so again. Four ‘R’s- Rescue, Rehabilitation, Repatriation,
and Reintegration. Rescue process is a non violent and sensitive manner, it
follow certain guidelines such as up holding the dignity of victims, providing
supports, maintaining privacy. Rehabilitation includes counseling, medical and
psychical care, shelter etc. minimum standard care must be provided for
victims. Voluntary return to original base is Repatriation. An alternative sustainable
livelihood for the survivors is both socio-economic Reintegration.
Problem analysis and decision making: As part of a
comprehensive program, risk and decision issues need to be addressed at a
variety of levels of analysis and aggregation. Micro-level, involving
decision-making and actions undertaken by individuals. Meso-level, encompassing
groups, public and private organizations, social networks, and local
communities. Macro-level, encompassing national and international institutions,
the professions, and public policy arenas. A primary goal is to identify
obstacles to effective use of existing findings and tools, to suggest ways of
overcoming these obstacles. And to identify crucial areas for future. Develop
possible general guidelines for how to present and interpret risk analysis (and
models in general). Invention a alternate way to risk asses. Examples include
recognizing uncertainties, presenting sensitivity analyses, and stating that no
analysis yields the definitive 'answer' to a policy problem. Investigate ways that
it would become politically correct for politicians to clearly address their
viewpoints about the complex issues inherent in risky decisions of concern.
Politician should for instance, recognize significant uncertainties and value tradeoffs
and perhaps even express their judgment on these. Develop methodologies to
incorporate civil liberties and rights as objectives in decisions that may be
faced regarding negativism. We want ways to measure the degrees to which civil
liberties and rights are limited or expanded by various acts. We need to
understand the tradeoffs of civil liberties and rights versus the right to
safety, life, and the pursuit of happiness, we need to have ways to indicate
which groups of people or individuals have their liberties and rights affected
in different ways and address the equity concerns of those. Challenges here
include a range of economic and regulatory questions, those include
methodological issues related to evaluation, choice under conditions and ambiguity
use and legitimating of model based assessments new data analysis methods such
as data mining and A.I. techniques, the performance based regulation and other
familiar topics. New institutional forms are arising in the economy
that are using new methods for integration of business activities. From
investment, to marketing to supply chain management and beyond product use to
environmental impacts of ultimate recovery or disposal of products, based on
our understanding of decision making for different type of risks, needed to
improve the risk management process. There is a need for research on the
expected benefits and costs of different types of public private partnerships for specific risk
related problems. Analyses can include presentation of information, types of
economic incentives (e.g. subsidies, fines), collective choice approaches and
social norms as well as the use of regulations and standards. We are not well
understood in characterizing people’s behaviour toward risks. Tipping
behaviour- actions of one individual or a small group may cause others to
change their behaviour. Role of social norms and coordinating mechanisms in
improving risk-related decisions (e.g. organizational associations and their
roles), impact of short-time horizons and high discount rates in inhibiting
certain behaviour and how one can overcome them. These include processes that
separate value determination, probability determination and decision into more
different processes. Included also are processes or organization that involve
the delegation of decisions, systems of advisors (multiple principles and
multiple agents), aggregation of beliefs, or information processing
institutions. In all such processes there exist the possibility of conflict of
interest. Information screening and other phenomena that might result in poor
decisions. The theory is rapidly developing insights about institutions that
work ‘properly’ in spite of such problems. Suppose one individual ‘fails/ gets
infected/ overloads/ experiences error/ bankrupts’ there is a high probability
that the neighbours will have the same experience, because each individual is
connect to another through a network. Thus, each producer pushes the ‘local’
system to a proper balancing of risks and profit. However, if neighbours are
unaware of the risks taken by those on whom they depend there is an uninsured
and unprotected exposure to the risk of catastrophic system failure.
Modern technologies, including rapid communication and
computation capacities, are being used to design institutions, instruments and
processes that were never possible before. Suggested new institutions such can
be studied more completely through the use of experimental testbeds, thereby
lowering the cost and facilitating the consensus needed for successful policy
implementation. There is already much evidence that outcomes are often
evaluated differently from these different perspectives. One stream of work
shows that experienced utility does not always follow predicted utility or
decision utility. For example, when evaluating the impact of possible changes
in circumstances people often fail to appreciate the role of adaptation. Should
we focus on giving people what they want (decision utility) or on making their
lives better (improve experienced or remembered utility)? In some cases, these
objectives are probably aligned, but in others, as we have seen, they diverge.
Malicious, usurping or sucker-oriented, external
unintended, self-created categorized problem’s and decision analysis. 1)
Problem structure, probabilities and values are central. 2) Subjectivity is
respected and incorporated into the analysis. 3) Models the multidimensional views and
values of interested and affected parties. 4) Seeks acceptable level of risk as a
standard to attain across problem domains. Formation of the topic with
scientific processes- evidence of localization, iIdentification of origin date,
identification of integrity, recognition of authorship, attribution of
credibility, gathering of data,
analysis of data, test, hypothesis,
revising of hypothesis, conceptual
definitions, operational
definitions, conclusion or iteration if necessary. Certain concepts
recur throughout different fields of security. Methods- exploratory
research, which structures and identifies new problems. Constructive
research, which develops solutions to a problem. Empirical research, which
tests the feasibility of a solution using empirical evidence. Fail to apply or
remember lessons they may have been taught regarding security if confronted
with a disorganized or strange situation.
To win the war on violence, community departments must
have detailed about the following. We should have the knowledge about the
power and the weakness of our enemies as we know about ourselves. Environment
in which the problem exists. Resources available to combat the problem. Help
develop or improve a computerized database. Provide baseline information for
developing performance standards and evaluation measures. Three basic types of
analysis- crime analysis, including analysis of problems that contribute to
crime but are non criminal in themselves, investigative analysis and strategic
analysis. Crime analysis involves analyzing data from the past (for example, a
series of crimes committed in a particular geographic area). Traditionally,
crime analysts have compiled such data from arrest reports, offense reports,
computer-assisted dispatch records of calls for service, and other official
records. Investigative analysis involves analyzing current data that may be
useful in completing an ongoing investigation or prosecution. This term
actually encompasses many types of analyses. Strategic analysis is conducted
outside the course of a specific investigation and is concerned with a
particular criminal group or criminal activity. The aim is to give decision
makers information about trends, predictions about future crimes, and
recommendations for strategies and policy. Several basic tasks are involved in
assessing criminal activity. These include determining the nature and extent of
the problem, considering patterns and trends of activity, examining the
environment in which operate, and using various information sources to collect
useful raw data.
Ex. General information: Number and names and their
subgroups (or sets), member profile of each gang member, especially the
hardcore, information on specific members, names of leaders, violent members,
and key associates (include information such as identifying characteristics,
criminal history, names, affiliations, associates, monikers, criminal
histories, methods of operation (MO’s), identifying marks, and addresses.
Number of members and associates. Gang members on bail, probation, and parole
(including their release conditions) and gang members with outstanding
warrants. Have changes activity or crimes coincided with the imprisonment or
release of key members? Identifying signs (for example, graffiti, tattoos, and
colours or hand signs). Age range of members, gender of members. Ethnic
composition. Organizational structure, rituals, members’ citizenship status,
and whether the gang is turf oriented or entrepreneurial and indigenous or new
to the jurisdiction. Recruiting process. Does the little group have changed?
Are they larger or smaller? Are they more organized, more fragmented, or about
the same? Are recruiting younger persons than in the past? Have significant
shifts occurred in leadership? What changes occurred in leadership or personnel?
What effect did these changes have? History of gang presence in the
neighbourhood (for example, have gangs existed there since the turn of the
century or are they a recent phenomenon). Geographic range of criminal
activity, extent of involvement in other crimes, methods of operation (MO’s),
locations of crime, types of crime, victims of crime. Nature and extent of the
problem, streets maps (computer generated pin maps) depict types and locations
of gang crimes during specified periods. Ex- murder, every occurrence of the
street. Relationships with other locals. Linkages to other jurisdictions. Have
the neighbourhoods targeted by shifted or remained the same? Have crimes
increased or decreased in the past 5 years? Do members tend to live in one jurisdiction
and commit crimes in another? Are there seasonal variations in the level or
type of activity? Has the number of sets changed? Is activity confined to
specific neighbourhoods, or is it a community wide problem? Why do some
communities have problems while others do not? Why there is problems in the
society, which have not in the other society. What factors have permitted to
gain a foothold in particular jurisdictions? What conditions have made specific
neighbourhoods particularly vulnerable to gangs? Transportation systems by
which members and/ or drugs enter and leave the jurisdiction, along with
current interdiction efforts. Political climate (for example, public
acknowledgment or denial of a gang problem and history of police relationships
with the community). Demographic changes in the neighbourhood (for example,
changes in average age of the population). Changes in social conditions,
educational opportunities, and recreational and other resources for residents
and their children, changes in economic conditions and employment opportunities
in the neighbourhood. Physical condition of dwellings- streets and common areas
(for example, abandoned and boarded-up buildings, abandoned cars, accumulated
trash, and broken lighting), crack houses, types of businesses (for example,
bars and liquor stores). Controlling each area. Some dishonest traders take the
opportunity of absence of implementation of law in some particular areas. For
example there are some backward areas which are not easily accessible are the best
centers for these dishonest traders. Ownership of buildings in which gang
members reside or gang activity takes place.
Ex. Information sources: Call for service data, field
contact cards or reports, confidential informants. A formal task force agreement
can help participants avoid misunderstandings pertaining to interagency issues
such as command and control, responsibilities, objectives, asset sharing,
overtime, liability, insurance, access to confidential information. The
administration should find out the correct information and should not be
misguided by the dishonest and incapable informers. What problems were
encountered in implementing objectives? How were they resolved? Effectiveness
of prior enforcement strategies and tactics. Have all planned activities been
implemented? If not, what remains to be done? Were they accomplished on
schedule? If objectives, plans, or timetables were revised, why was this
necessary? What new objectives were added and why? What costs were incurred?
Did they exceed initial projections? What was the level of resident support in
targeted neighbourhoods? How did this affect the overall enforcement effort?
What lessons have been learned that might be useful to other? How and from
which sources information's are to be collected and these information's will be
conveyed to the concerned persons? Points to be included in the procedure of
collecting information's- name, registration, organization, crime history,
procedure of its activities, specification and address. A proper method is to
be prepared for collecting information and to circulate it further. Casting and
expand of external data source. Extant, nature, kind, working spots, necessary
information's, matters under and judicial process and out of the same process,
extension of market, sources of information, customers, and sources of
production and procurement the materials and victims regarding the criminals
involved in the crimes related with narcotics, arms, abduction of women and
children and gambling, are to be found out. Patterns of spending or investing
profits of crime (for example, purchases of luxury items, investment in real
estate or legitimate business, and transportation/ transfer of funds out of the
country). What observations or data can schools provide about gangs, violence,
drugs, and guns on school, college, university and community grounds or
involving students?
Work Style: Activities of any system depend on a
successful and effective networked communication. Direct and indirect personal
communication, family based, religious and social structures, structures like
parliament and bureaucracy, trade unions, structures like merchants association
and public relations medias play the different roles of public relations. A
successful communication system can be introduced through uniformity and flow
of information, keeping the volume and flow of informations subjectwise,
reasonable, evident and sensible. United feelings, decisions, mutual
co-operation and good manners are introduced only through communication. Co-ordination
between environment and livelihood is possible through collection of news and
proper action on the basis of the news. A communication should be passed in
time, so that necessary action on the message can be taken in due time. A
communication may be formal or informal, upward or downward but it should be
clear and not contradictory, so that it becomes meaningful to the receiver.
When a feedback process is effective in communication system, it will maintain
a both way communication. Problem needs to be solved and serve for open
discussion through writing a data and store the data to a server at different
ministry level. Few advisors/ consultants may guide the staff for the data. All
services provided are tailored to the needs through participatory planning and
programs designing. The project may contributed to the national and
international prospects like antiterrorism, informative, educative, antiwar
campaigning, human rights, awareness building, global security, etc. Group
formation, local resource mobilization, networking, area of involvement is
awareness raising on various segmented social issues like social, economical,
general and administrative, also religious and political. All these shall be
built upon universal humanistic values like Justice, Solidarity, Equality.
Goodgovernance/ democracy partnership, responsive and accountable governance. Local government
initiatives and strengthening. Advocacy social, legal & financial. State of the art technique for humanitarian
services. Cultural
development and sport activities. Human resource development and capacity building. Development- rural
and urban, evaluation and documentation. Reporting and regular publication. Policy research on
key issues, evaluation and monitoring. Local lever business institution building, development and income
generation. Advocacy
and lobbying for legislation for consumers protection. Capacity building
programs like partner, small and medium level NGOs. Liaison is the primary
point of contact between the members and executive of state, local, tribal
governments. Receives, responds and processes all correspondence addressed to
promotes public interest groups manages placement, benefits, and other
concerning matters. Application, selection and placement process of each class
and the day to day operation of the program. The office also plans, coordinates
and hosts activities that comprise the program, coordinates all logistical with
respect to domestic and international issues, ensures that domestic policy
decisions and programs are effective And consistent with the goals and efforts
to empower community and working to confront poverty and social needs.
Responsible for the planning and production, focuses on both policy development
and community outreach. Promotes initiatives and projects, publicizes events,
planning schedule of activities and assists with correspondence with the
public. This includes organization and implementation of daily and long range
schedules, planning, briefings, meetings, documents and maintains an archive of
events and large events. Strategic initiatives plans and coordinates a
long-range strategy for achieving priorities. Manages the daily operations,
this includes budget, purchasing, facility and asset management, travel and
other administrative support for staff. Through process and discussions, that
helped us to produce our strategic plan for fiscal years. Provide timely,
quality service, to maximize the value of community. Implemented
recommendations correct the underlying causes of problems, weaknesses in
internal controls, failures to comply with laws or regulations, or other
matters impeding effective and efficient performance. Because our
recommendations are not legally binding, their value is indicated by how many
are implemented and when they are implemented. To measure our performance on
our qualitative goals, we will use two standards- meets expectations and
exceeds expectations. Our performance meets expectations when we provide
information or make recommendations on the key efforts when viewed
collectively. Cultivate and foster effective client relations. We also plan to
develop a feedback system and track references to our work by the media,
universities and other organizations. Implement a model strategic and annual
planning and reporting process. Align human capital policies and practices to
support mission. Develop efficient and responsive business processes and build
an integrated and reliable information technology infrastructure. We help
improve the performance and accountability by providing accurate, objective,
fact based, nonpartisan, and non ideological information combined with original
data collection and analysis. Conduct policy analyses to assess needed actions
and the implications of proposed actions and provide related assistance in
support of its oversight and decision making. The key efforts we intend to
undertake to achieve a particular performance goal and the potential outcomes
are discussed in detail in the relevant strategic objective plan. We recognize
that we can meet our goals and objectives more efficiently and effectively if
our work complements that of others. To ensure that we target the right issues,
provide balanced perspectives, and develop practical recommendations, we work
with members of the accountability community. The continued credibility of our services
depends on our meeting goals related to major management challenges. To
facilitate government wide management and institutional reforms, we will
continue to develop and promote best practices to build and sustain
high-performing organizations. We also plan to develop guidance on a human
capital framework that improves economy, efficiency and effectiveness. A
subcommittee of local professional will be our auxiliary helper. This framework
will focus on strategic planning, organizational alignment, leadership, talent,
and a performance-based culture. The framework will serve as the basis for
human capital self-assessments, through which, with our encouragement and
assistance. And working with the office of personnel management, agencies can
determine the extent to which their human capital systems support
organizational missions and goals. Ultimately, a high-performing government
requires that agencies incorporate best management practices into the way they
conduct their day to day business. Learning by doing can be an effective way of
incorporating best practices, and we have continued to work more in
constructive engagements with others to maximize the value of our work. We will
continue to coordinate extensively with the accountability community at all
levels. Using this approach, we have worked with executive agencies and
congressional staff on a real-time basis to resolve problems. So that
corrective actions can be taken without compromising our independence and
objectivity. They also identify, solve problems, or accomplish projects that
are of mutual benefit to audit organizations at all levels of government. We
participate in professional conferences and discussions with the leadership of
professional evaluation associations and evaluation offices, participate in
interagency forums and professional conferences to share new developments,
discuss emerging issues, and help improve government wide procurement
practices. We will continue to monitor international events, work closely with
our congressional clients, and maintain broad-based staff expertise so that we
can quickly adjust the focus of our work to meet emerging needs.
Achieving our internal performance goals depends
primarily on the availability of sufficient human, physical, information
technology, and budgetary resources. We plan to rely primarily on in-house
expertise to achieve these goals. But will also need assistance from external
consultants where such expertise is simply not available. Data are provided to
managers for decision making, and their feedback helps to ensure that the data
are properly recorded. A variety of independent reviews conducted by both
internal and external groups help ensure that all of our work is consistent
with generally accepted government auditing standards and our policies and
procedures. We are also in the process of identifying possible external
entities to conduct a peer review of our performance auditing. Value of our
institutional knowledge in assisting communities decision making. For this
reason, we complement our quantitative goals with qualitative goals to be
achieved over a 2 year period, 104 week only. Automated mission and assignment
tracking system, which is used to monitor job progress on an ongoing basis. We
maintain an internal quality control system to provide reasonable assurance
that we adhere to applicable auditing policies and procedures. Each report is
assessed and rated on nine factors by independent internal reviewers using a
scale of 1 to 5, a score of 3 is assigned to reports that meet quality
standards. A score above 3 represents reports that not only conform to
standards but also reflect good communications principles. If a report
exhibited major problems that raised questions about accuracy, reasonableness,
or objectivity, it would receive a score of 1. The measure is the average score
for all reports reviewed. Developing or improving a macro-level intelligence
database, establishing realistic goals and objectives to counter problems, and
developing strategies to meet objectives. Information and intelligence systems,
which gather, input, and disseminate detailed (micro-level) database
information. Method of an effective administration is to be prepared and the
controlling procedure of organization should also be effective, its activities
and strategies should be strong enough. Careful observation on the
administration is to be continued and regular supervision of the process of
administration management different features and achievement of goals on the
current schemes are to be carried out. An operation becomes fully successful
when the forces and the local people work together. Resources from local and
foreign sources are to be procured and kept reserved to solve a problem in
time.
Demand
assessment:
Full
Name
First
Name
|
Middle
Name
|
Last
Name
|
Nickname
|
Mobile
Phone
|
Other
Phone
|
Fax
|
E-mail
|
Full
Address
|
Holdings
|
Street-Village
|
Postal
Code
|
Present
|
|||
Permanent
|
|||
Other
|
|||
Office
|
|||
District-City
|
Country
|
Fathers Name
|
Mothers Name
|
Spouses Name
|
Brother
|
Sister
|
Boys
|
Girls
|
Friends
|
Associates
|
Cousin Bro
|
Cousin Sis
|
Date of Birth
|
Place of Birth
|
Gender: Male/Female
|
Height
|
Weight
|
Blood group
|
Colour
|
Race
|
Religion
|
Language
|
Nationality
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Hobbies, Interests
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Skills
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Profession
Job Title
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Job Detail
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Job Start Date
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Job Completed Date
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Job Duration
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Education
Name of Course
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Grade
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Year of Course
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Institute
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Board/ University
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Subject of Problems
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Title of Problems
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Importance
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Reminder
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Sensitivity
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Start Date
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Date Completed
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Duration
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1) What is the problem?
2) What is the reason of the problem?
3) Exactly what for this anxiety is?
4) What is to be done in this regard?
5) What is the decision to be taken regarding your
duty in this regard?
6) What is the main hindrance?
7) What is the environmental hindrances?
8) What is the personal hindrances?
9) What is its solution?
Write and attach with form detail about each factor
(if possible include still and video picture, data table, chart, graph with
minimum 2 pages per).
Office Part
Presentation Format
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Paragraphs
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Tracking Status
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Message Class
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File As Categories
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Resources
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Schedule & Priority
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Referred By
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Team Task
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Task
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Total work
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Update List
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Key findings of
monitoring survey. The needs
of the end user must be collected, analysed and action should be taken to
satisfy the requisitioner. Obtained information should be analysed, compiled,
stored and disseminated as a feed back mechanism. Questionnaires- What is the
profession, characteristics of work. Advice from others, training, financial
help, what assistance is needed. What category of man are you according to social
status, higher, middle, lower, much lower, rich, middle class, poor, or much
poor. What is the picture of local economic condition? What are the facilities
of economic activities? What is the support of various organizations? What is
the local socio-economic religious political condition? What is the extent the
money lender, bank and NGO reached? Which assistance is obtainable in
administrative work including the physical structure? Making list of classified
social problems including corruption and injustice. To what extent daily yen
receive respect on socio-economic, religious, political, military, stately
honour, respect, justice, food, shelter, health on percentage basis. Security, environment, medical facilities. Sources
of drinking water (tap, tube well, well, pond/ river/ canal, others). Sources of fuel (gas, electricity,
kerosene, bamboo/ wood, leaves/ cowdung, others). Population (female, male,
both sex). Literacy status (5+) (female, male, both sex). Population by level
of education (%). Female (never attended school, class I-V, class VI-VIII,
class IX-XII, graduate, masters). Male (never attended school, class I-V, class
VI-VIII, class IX-XII, graduate, masters). Both sex (never attended school,
class I-V, class VI-VIII, class IX-XII, graduate, masters). Activity status-
Number in labour force (working, looking for job, not looking for job, do not
work). Not In Labour Force (Student, House Work, Unable to Work). Making list
of beggars, vulnerable, poor. How many families are landless, what is the means of
their livelihood? Household below poverty line (%). Percapita per day intake of
food (Tk). Household credit, loan taken
& used. Household encountered crisis (%). Monthly income of
households by sources (%). Households by main source of income (Popn. 10 + years and over)- agriculture/
forestry, fisheries/ livestock/ bee keeping, mining and quarrying, electricity, gas, water, construction, trade, hotel,
restaurant, transport, storage and communication, bank, insurance and finance,
manufacturing, industry and weaving, community personal service, religious service, real estate, rent and remittance, business and hawking, wholesale/
retail trade, public administration and
defence, education service, health and
social work, services, pensioner, charity, household sector and others. Major occupation- Agriculture (owner
cultivator, owner cum tenant, tenant, labour, other agriculture). Non
agriculture (employer, executive/ admin, service, professional, trade,
teaching, labour, artisan, others). Regular employment, wages and salaries,
self employed in agriculture, self employed in non agriculture. What is the
number of earning and nonearning persons in the family and what are their
costs? Average per capita expenditure (Tk). Total expenditure, housing, food,
education, medicare, transportation, cloth, entertainment, legal support, other
items. What are the essential and necessary costs and why are they so? What
costs may be squeezed to bring solvency? Making list and statement of
amelioration of daily livelihood by selecting subject from experience. Number
of households (permanent, temporary). Households by number of members. Type of
living structure (building, semi pucca, tin wooden, mud, bamboo, others). Ownership (private/ family,
government, semi government, foreign and joint venture, co-operatives and
NPIs). Manufacturing establishments,
commercial farms, number of holdings reporting commercial farms. Area
used for commercial farms (area in acres). Ownership (private/ family, government, semi government, foreign
and joint venture, cooperatives and NPIs). Establishments by fixed assets (upto Tk 50 thousand, 51 - 100
thousand, 101 - 500 thousand, above 500 thousand). Expatriate investment (upto 50 thousand, 51-100 thousand, 101-200
thousand, above 200 thousand. Operated
area (area of all holdings (in acres), area of farm holdings (in acres),
cropping intensity (%)). Land use
(acre), forest, cutturable waste, current fallow, not available cultivation,
net cropped area, total cropped area. Area by locality total (sq km), rural (sq
km), urban (sq km). Total area (sq km), land area (sq km), forest area
(sq km), river area (sq km). Crop statistics (major crops) (crops/ fruits/ flower/ vegetables,
per acre yield (kg), area in hectares, production in m.tons). Total number of
water body, cultivable water body and non cultivable. Statement of movable,
immovable local assets. How many families hold land and water bodies, in which
extent? Bovine animals, goats &
sheep, poultry (fowls) & ducks. What crops and fishes are produced,
in what amount? Making list of locally produced products and service,
production costs, production period, market, store etc. What is the demand of
seeds, fertilizers, insecticides and crops, what is the amount of supply and
shortage? Import by major utility (Tk).
Export by product and services (Tk). Marketing facility (local, export,
both, not applicable). Description with list of various products and services,
supply and demand. List and description of gov, NGO, association, cooperative,
institutions and of the working project. Number of employed persons in foreign, remittance reserve (Tk). Making
list of rich, prosperous hoarder, storekeeper, land provider, dealer, large
business man, contractor, transport businessman and association of professional
classes. Making list and description of local administrative, political,
social, religious, professional persons. Finding investor, money lenders, micro
financer, subscription or donor. Finding sector or field for investment. To
ensure the best use of water body and land, we should inspired to produce,
process, storing, marketing of products and services, with labour and money
investing in proper timing and number. Making list of endeavour entrepreneurs
to make income generate, budget and projects. Making list of unemployed people.
A reliable census data can be obtained
easily where residents are partners in development planning. Information
collection: personal search, oral investigation, local, news, filling up of
form. Question of form: attract feeling, give protection, absence of the answer
to cunning and partial questions, reality of the questions, clarity,
simplicity, specification, briefly. The aim is to produce quick and accurate
participatory analyses of community systems, like- direct observations and
measurements, informal interviews with key informants, group interviews with
professionals, interviews with individual professional. Interview is important to decide whom to
interview, what to ask, whether to prepare a questionnaire or a simple check
list, whether to include one or several subjects, whether to visit the
interviewee once or several times, how many people to be interviewed, what will
be the best time for interview, how to make the interviewee cooperative, what
will be the technique for interviewing etc. Interviewing can be by target-
individuals or groups, as subject- general or topical, by frequency- single
visit or multiple visit, and by structure- unstructured, semi structured and
structured. Questions
may focus on resource base, resource, utilization, household, institutional
support, community, constraints, and development potentials. During the problem
diagnosis exercise, new facts, previously unknown, will come to light through
analysis and interviewing. These may require additional collection and analysis
of secondary information. A system may have many components and objects, but
they are united in the pursuit of some common goal. They are in some sense
unified, organized or coordinated. Information, needs, mode, mechanism and flow
in community enhance prosperity, peace and could help in eliminating poverty by
adopting survey method, citation analysis, observation, discussion with the
concerned group, library statistics, analysis of documentary sources etc.
Format for
concept notes- information about the initiative for which funding is sought,
please ensure that you give your project a title. What problem is this
initiative expected to help solve? What is this initiative intended to achieve
and how do you expect to achieve it? What are the main project activities?
Please highlight any innovative features of your initiative? How long is the
initiative likely to last? How will the project achieve sustainability? What is
the likely total project cost? Where are the balance of funds for this proposal
coming from? You must include a
logical framework matrix.
Logical framework analysis (LFA)- What the
project is going to achieve? What activities will be carried out to achieve its
outputs and purpose? What resources (inputs) are required? What are the
potential problems which could affect the success of the project? How the
progress and ultimate success of the project will be measured and verified? So
that it is well designed, described objectively, can be evaluated and clearly
structured.
1.1
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1.2
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1.3
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1.4
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2.1
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2.2
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2.3
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2.4
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3.1
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3.2
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3.3
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3.4
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4.1
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4.2
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4.3
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4.4
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5.1
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5.2
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5.3
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5.4
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Logical framework of .. (Name of the project)
1.1 Narrative summary: The goal, purpose, outputs and
activities of the project.Objectives:
1.2 Objectively verifiable indicators (OVIs)/
Measurable indicators: Quantitative and qualitattive ways of measuring progress
and whether project outputs, purpose and goal have been achieved.
1.3 Means of verify (MOV): The information or data
required to assess progress against indicators and their sources.
1.4 Assumption: Factors external to the project which
are likely to influence the work of the project management has little control,
and which need to exist to permit progress to the next level in the LFA.
2.1 Goal: The ultimate result to which your project is
contributing, the impact of the project. Wider problem the project will help to
resolve.
2.2 Quantitative ways of measuring or qualitative ways
of judging timed achievement of Goal.
2.3 Cost-effective methods and sources to quantify or
assess indicators.
2.4 (Goal to supergoal) External factors necessary to
sustain objectives in the long run.
3.1 Purpose: The immediate impact on the project area
or target group i.e. the change or benefit to be achieved by the project.
3.2 Quantitative ways of measuring or qualitative ways
of judging timed achievement of Purpose.
3.3 Cost effective methods and sources to quantify or
assess indicators.
3.4 (Purpose to goal) External conditions necessary if
achieved project purpose is to contribute to reaching project goal.
4.1 Results/ outputs: The specifically intended
results of the project activities - used as milestones of what has been
accomplished at various stages during the life of the project. Super goal: The
long-term results of continued achievement of the goal of the project.
4.2 Quantitative ways of measuring or qualitative ways
of judging timed achievement of outputs.
4.3 Cost effective methods and sources to quantify or
assess indicators.
4.4 (Outputs to purpose) Factors out of project
control which, if present, could restrict progress from outputs to achieving
project purpose.
5.1 Activities: The actual tasks required producing
the desired outputs. These are the tasks to be done to produce the outputs.
5.2 Inputs: What materials, equipment, financial and
human resources are needed to carry out the activities of the project? This is
a summary of the project budget.
5.3 Financial out turn report as agreed in grant
agreement.
5.4 (Activity to output) Factors out of
project control which, if present, could restrict progress from activities to
achieving outputs.
Major criteria of proposal- Does the
proposal address a well formulated problem? Is it an important problem, whose
solution will have useful effects? Do the proposers have a good idea on which
to base their work? The proposal must explain the idea in sufficient detail to
convince the reader that the idea has some substance, and should explain why
there is reason to believe that it is indeed a good idea. It is absolutely not
enough merely to identify a wish-list of desirable goals (a very common fault).
There must be significant technical substance to the proposal. Does the
proposal explain clearly what work will be done? Does it explain what results
are expected and how they will be evaluated? How would it be possible to judge
whether the work was successful? Is there evidence that the proposers know
about the work that others have done on the problem? This evidence may take the
form of a short review as well as representative references. A representative
selection of relevant publications by the proposers should be cited. Is it a
research problem, or is it just a routine application of known techniques? Is special
funding necessary to solve the problem, or to solve it quickly enough, or could
it be solved using the normal resources of a well-found laboratory? Do the
proposers have a good track record, both of doing good research and of
publishing it? Absence of a track record is clearly not a disqualifying
characteristic, especially in the case of young researchers, but a consistent
failure to publish raises question marks. Evidence of industrial interest in a
proposal, and of its potential for future exploitation will usually count in
its favour. The closer the research is to producing a product the more
industrial involvement is required and this should usually include some
industrial contribution to the project. The case for support should include
some 'route to market' plan, ie. you should have thought about how the research
will eventually become a product, identifying an industrial partner is usually
part of such a plan.
Format: Basic Information- Project name,
Information about the initiative for which funding is sought ‘project title’.
Organisational structure and staffing (e.g. number/ gender/ nationality of
staff and balance between HQ and field-based staff). How the project is
contributing to a reduction in poverty? What problem will the project address?
Why is the need important or urgent? What are the aims and objectives of this
project? What working methods will be used to meet these aims? Why are these
the best methods? What are the short-term and long-term operational plans? What
exactly is the problem? What is causing the problem? Who are the persons/
organizations responsible (for e.g. it could be a particular department of the
government/ an industry)? What are the consequences going to be? Assess
magnitude, quality and prevalence. What are the alternatives/ possible
solutions? How the project adds value to current knowledge and practice (e.g.
through innovative techniques)? Civil society is a mixture of many different
groups and organisations with different values and views. We aim to support initiatives
working with a balanced range of different organisations and groupings. Talk to
others in the community to hear different views that will enable you to form
your own holistic opinion. Talk to people who are incharge and hear their side
of the issue. Tell them about the problems that you see. You may be able to
work towards solving problems together if you do not see yourself as hostile
parties. What is the problem or the need that is to be met by the ministry? Are
there any particular geographic, or socio-economic factors which make it
important to have a ministry in that particular area? Why is the ministry the
right group to reach these aims? What are the expected outcomes and
achievements of the ministry? Why is the ministry going to be successful? What
other sources of income is the ministry currently using or going to use in the
future? What funds are already committed to the ministry? When does the
ministry need the money? What is the budget for the proposed plans, and how is
the expenditure justified? Is the project sustainable?
Project Approach- What problem will the project address? What are the goal, purpose, outputs and main
activities of the project? Who are the direct beneficiaries (primary
stakeholders) and others (secondary stakeholders) who will be affected by or
involved in the project? How were they identified? Were beneficiaries (primary
stakeholders) and others (secondary stakeholders) involved in the design of the
project? If so, how? Will they be involved in project implementation? If so,
how? How has the project identified the needs of people and how have these been
reflected in the project’s design and implementation? What is the coverage of
the project (e.g. the area to be covered; the numbers of people served out of
the total population etc)? In what alternative ways could the project
objectives be achieved? Why is the current design considered to be the most
cost-effective way of achieving these objectives? What are the prospects for
the benefits of the project being sustained after the funding stops or
withdraws?
Project management and
implementation- what are the project implementation and management
arrangements? (An organisational chart if appropriate). What human resources
(number, type, skills/background, gender, nationality of staff etc) and the
material inputs (equipment, etc) are required for the project? What other
agencies are involved in the area where this initiative will take place,
including the gov, NGO, and how will you work with these organisations? What is
the overall time-frame for the project? (Include a bar or Gantt chart
summarising the main activities and timing if appropriate).
Progress- An assessment of the likely achievement of
the project’s output and purpose. In the initial stages of the project we accept
that an assessment at output level only is probably more appropriate (if the
assessment is at this level this should be specified). This rationale for these
judgments should be explained in a short paragraph within the table.
Project monitoring, learning
and dissemination- How do you
intend to monitor and review the implementation of the project and assess its
impact? What arrangements have been/ will be made to involve beneficiaries and
other stakeholders in monitoring and evaluation?
Project evaluation- Content: evaluations
should determine the general relevance, equity, effectiveness, efficiency,
impact and sustainability of the initiative. Lesson learning and accountability
should be integral to the evaluation process. Terms of Reference produced for
the evaluation must be realistic about what judgments and conclusions the
evaluation team will be able to substantiate with ‘hard evidence’, particularly
in respect of development impact.
Project Summary- a brief statement of project
objectives, expected results and main activities, the main intended
beneficiaries etc. Summary (no more than one page)
Project Completion Reports- (PCRs) contribute to good
project management, providing a useful record of what has been achieved by your
project (i.e. extend to which planned outputs have been achieved). They also
enable a conclusion to be drawn and lessons learned from implementation, useful
for sharing with others, and which may be very valuable when designing projects
with similar characteristics. It also provides an ‘initial’ opportunity to
assess the likely impact (in the short and longer term) of the project,
although the primary tool for assessing impact should always be through
evaluations. Basic Information- Project name, Date report produced, Project
completion reports. Content- Should provide a summary of the implementation,
management and results of the entire project, including lessons learnt. Given
the focus of the CSCF, we is particularly interested in how partnerships have
worked, (in management as well as implementation), and in developmental value.
Project description, Recommendations.
Rating of overall assessment of output delivery on inputs/ activities- a) appropriateness
(quality), b) sufficiency (quantity), c) efficiency (timeliness), overall
assessment, lessons learned. However, all proposals/ report must set out
the background to the initiative and its rationale, the approach which it will
adopt, the management and monitoring arrangements, and the key risks (using
Word 2500 or equivalent).
Rating Scale Project Completion Reports (PCR)- (A++)
Fully achieved, very few or no shortcomings. (A+) Largely achieved, despite a
few shortcomings. (A) Only partially achieved, benefits and shortcomings finely
balanced. (B+) Very limited achievement, extensive shortcomings. (B) Not
achieved. (B-) Too soon to give an adequately reliable rating (Goal and
Sustainability levels only).
A group of five members has to be formed to
transact within. A maximum of ten groups participate in a meeting every week. The
groups that meet together in these meetings are called a centre. Every
five-member group elects a chairperson and a general secretary. Every centre
elects a centre chief and an associate centre chief.
For achieving success in the center; star
customs: green sign- 100% success in recovering distributed loan, red marks-
success in taking the 100% loan receiving activists family above poverty, blue
sign- success in achieving profit, violet sign- success in deposit and
collection of saving, yellow sing- success in new investment and market
creation, orange sign- identifying problems and success in solution, sky sign-
success in environmental development, brown sign- success in coordinated social
development, black sign-risky in socio-economic development.
There is no local community group to ask anything
about the quality or efficiency of the governing body. So who cares? Every
rural ward will have a council with representation from all disciplines,
including farmers, workers, teachers and social activists, and the elected
members will head that council.
Behavioural report: close observer for
every individual subject as standard. Realistic
report writing, clear and direct remark and file out over or under valuation.
(A++) Exceptionally brilliant, (A+) Outstanding, (A) Very good, (B+) Good, (B)
Average, (B-) Below Average, (C) Not worth retaining in the present grade.
1. State of health, energy and reliability…
2. General intelligence and keenness to
learn and industry…
3. General assessment of personality: (i)
character… (ii) temperament… (iii) integrity… (iv) inter-personal relations…
(v) teamwork… (vi) amenability to discipline… (vii) originality… (viii) expression skill ( presentation/ writing)…(ix)
justification…(x) awareness…
4. Supervisory ability (i)
guidance in the performance of tasks… (ii) review of performance (monitoring of
key areas including finance, etc., sanctions)… (iii) maintaining discipline...
(iv) capacity to take decision at his/her level on matters within delegated
areas…(v) decision implementation capacity…(vi) relation with colleagues…
5. Leadership-
(i) self-reliance… (ii)
aptitude and potentital… (iii) ability to inspire and motivate… (iv) order and discipline… (v) zeal and initiative… (vi) objectivity… (vii)
perspective and visualisation of future directions… (viii) cooperativeness…
(ix) responsibility… (x) organising
ability…(xi) creativity…(xii) public relation…
6.Quality of work:
(i) Punctuality in attendance…
(ii) General professional knowledge/ office procedure…
(iii) Theoretical ability (knowledge of functions, rules and regulations,
related instructions and their applications)…
(iv) Practical ability/ analytical ability (analysis of pros and cons;
formulation of alternatives and their evaluation for solving problems; ability
to indicate decision areas)…
(v) Technical judgment…
(vi) Administrative judgment…
(vii) Ability to gather facts/ material and
apply the relevant rules and regulations correctly…
(viii) Capacity for examining cases thoroughly
for clear analysis of facts/ data…
(ix)
Presentation of the case or data, quality of noting, drafting, letter minutes,
briefs…
(x) Attitude
to work (sense of responsibility; the extent to which he is dedicated and
motivated, his willingness to learn and systematize his work)… (xi) Initiative (capacity and resource
fullness of the officer in handling normal as well as unforeseen situations,
willingness to take additional responsibilities and new area of work)…
(xii) Promptness in disposal of work…
(xiii) Quality of performance having regard to
standard of work, programme objectives and constraints…
(xiv) Attention to record management and routine aspects of
work (proper maintenance of prescribed registers, charts, basis data, log
sheets, time sheets, recording, indexing and weeding of files/ diary/ necessary
papers etc.)…
(xv) Communication skill (brevity, clarity and accuracy, both orally and in
writing, ability to draft notes, brief etc. in both speed and accuracy)…
(xvi) Trust
worthiness in handling secret and top secret matters and papers…
Project Risks- What are the main risks that could affect
the project’s success? How likely are these to happen and how serious the
consequence to the project if they occur? What measures have been/ will be taken to minimise or mitigate
potential risks?
Project Budget- Budgets for an organisation or project
are used to plan and implement objectives. Calculate the estimated income and
expenditure, coordinate activities, communicate plans. Motivate staff by
setting clear targets. Monitor and evaluate actual performance.
There are 6 simple stages to follow in order to
construct an accurate budget, 1) Identify organizational or project objective.
2) Decide what is the ‘limiting factor’. 3) Gather the data, use all available
sources of information. 4) Determine the amount to be received. 5) Determine
the amount to be spent. 6) Construct the budget.
Few tips for budget- Involve a range of staff in
budget planning. Communicate the budget details to everyone who needs to know.
Let people know what is needed to keep within the budget. Prepare the budget in
plenty of time. Ensure budget and actual statements are produced quickly. Add
notes to the budget and actual statement to explain variances. Add notes to
explain calculations be as realistic as possible. Monitor the budget compared
with actual figures regularly. Take action when necessary and ensure it has the
desired effect. Compare the annual budget with the income and expenditure
account (or its equivalent) after the end of the year.
Types of budget- Communications (e.g. post, fax and telephone), Stationery, Transport
running costs (e.g. maintenance, fuel and local taxes), Project Activities
(these must be broken down into appropriate categories).
Cost-effectiveness- Finally, the programme manager
tries to ensure that his or her budget is to be used in a cost-effective
manner. Each proposal which has some chance of being funded is examined, and
the programme manager may lop costs off an apparently over expensive project.
Such cost reduction is likely to happen if the major costs of staff and
equipment are not given clear, individual justification.
Raising funds- when making contact with a potential investors, donor or partner, you
should have all the information they will need to know at your fingertips.
Having a well organised proposal in writing will be definite advantage. Taking
the time to get to know and develop relationships with your investors, donors
and partners is an essential part of establishing a sustainable funding base.
Match your ‘story’ to the investors, donor’s interests. Meet the investors,
donor’s needs as you meet your objectives. Fund raising is friend raising, build on long-term relationships. Know
your potential investors, donor,
their interests, their procedures. Make a clear/compelling presentation, use
appropriate language, give realistic expectations, provide relevant outcomes. The
majority of the existing initiatives funded are engaging primarily with
community based organisations and non-governmental development organizations. Commit to thorough follow-up, evaluation and
reporting, gives credibility, enhanced likelihood of future funding grants.
Project duration- length of project and anticipated
start and end dates. What experience do you and your partners have of working
on these issues or in the country/ area? What lessons have you drawn on from
your own or others’ past experience in proposing this project? In what ways the
project is intending to develop new approaches to tackling the problem?
Problems in this initiative expected to be solved. What other agencies are
involved in the area where this initiative will take place, including the
government, and how will you work with these organisations? What is the overall
time-frame for the project? (Include a bar or gantt chart summarising the main
activities and timing if appropriate). How
do you intend to monitor and review the implementation of the project and
assess its impact? How do you intend reporting on the progress of the
project to investors, donor? Please set out the type of reports we can expect
to receive and the frequency.
Findings- The capacity for livelihood diversification
is affected by the existence of local opportunities, population density,
rainfall, location and transport links. Livelihood diversification is more
likely to occur in places with higher agricultural potential, higher population
density and a more developed local economy creating opportunities. However, in
some low-potential areas, diversification can occur in particular circumstances.
Diversification is influenced by the number of workers available to a
household. Labour management strategies are a key factor in the success of
diversification strategies. Decisions about capital or labour-led agricultural
intensification are affected by the resources available to a household. The
institutions which mediate access to resources, the historical background, and
the policy context where institutional linkages providing inputs and credit are
in place. Capital-led intensification is more easily influenced by policy than
labour-led intensification. Decisions about who migrates and the use of
remittances are affected by different household structures and gender.
Migrations is not strongly correlated with poverty, assets or education, but
the types of migration are likely to be implications. These insights suggest a
number policy implications. Policy achievements are, however, limited by
constraints on governments during structural adjustment; and by long histories
of poor citizen-state relations in some areas. The livelihoods framework
provides key insights into how rural people cope in poor areas. Livelihood
diversification can be supported by improved services (access to credit,
infrastructure, livestock facilities) and by supporting existing diversification
opportunities such as migration and collective rights over natural resources.
Agricultural intensification can be enhanced by greater flexibility in
extension and credit services for capital led intensification. And by
identifying and reaching out to those institutions must able to facilitate
intensification. Migration plays a central role in many livelihoods.
Production is an intentional act of doing something
useful in a organized manner. Developed commercial farming- specialization with
full market orientation, developed land resources, machinery maintenance and
storage, labour inputs, high input levels, quality seeds, pedigree livestock,
crops and livestock insurance, sophisticated management, proper timing of
activities, high output per area, per animal, per labour, high and quick
returns to cash outlays, high quality and uniform outputs, industrial type of
collecting, transport and processing, well developed marketing channels,
efficient agri-business network, well developed credit and rural banking
facilities, existence of extension advisory services, associations and
accounting services for farmers, research backup and training facilities,
developed early warning systems (weather, disease outbreaks), efficient
communication network, easy access to market information, good roads and
developed transport network, easy access to inputs and their fast delivery,
protected prices, subsidies, tax reduction facilities for investment, access to
water, electricity, sanitary facilities, and access to medical care, education
facilities, etc.
Connect with people to increase awareness- Discuss the
issue with friends. Approach people from house-to-house. Ask older, influential
or respected people to address public gatherings. Use the media (local newspapers,
radio, television and the internet) to generate interest, communicate the facts
and discuss options. Write polite, succinct letters that drive a point home
without rambling. Organize signature campaigns or meals. Visit politicians who
are involved with the issue. Interact with people from diverse backgrounds, so
that your organization is not linked with any particular political party or
religious sect.
Work criteria- area of involvement is awareness
raising on various segmented issues like social, economical, religious,
political, also general and administrative. All services provided are
customized to the needs through participatory planning and programs designing.
All these shall be built upon universal humanistic values.
Functions are- Providing assistance
to the administration in the maintenance of law and order. Adoption and
implementation of development schemes in the fields of agriculture, forestry,
fisheries, livestock, education, health, cottage industries, communication,
irrigation and flood protection with a view to increasing economic and social
upliftment of the people. Development and use of local resources, protection and
maintenance of public property, such as roads, bridges, canals, embankments,
telephones and electricity lines. Review of development activities undertaken
by different agencies and submission of recommendations in regard to the
activities of those agencies. Conducting census of all kinds, maintenance of hats
and bazaars, excavation and maintenance of ponds, excavation and re-excavation
of derelict ponds for pisciculture, provision of trees, settlement of local
petty disputes, promotion of cottage industries, maintenance information and
records, etc.
Method of action- 1) Start with the problem
rather than the solution: A credit system must be based on a survey of the
social background. 2) Adopt a progressive attitude: Development is a long-term
process which depends on the aspirations and commitment of the economic
operators. 3) Make sure that the credit system serves the poor, and not
vice-versa: Officers visit the villages, enabling them to get to know the
borrowers. 4) Establish priorities for action vis-a-vis to the target
population: Serve the most poverty-stricken people needing investment
resources, who have no access to credit. At the begining, restrict credit to
income-generating production operations, freely selected by the borrower. Make
it possible for the borrower to be able to repay the loan. 5) Lean on
solidarity groups: Small informal groups consisting of co-opted members coming
from the same background and trusting each other. Associate savings with credit without it
being necessarily a prerequisite. Combine close monitoring of borrowers with
procedures which are simple and standardised as possible. Do everything
possible to ensure the system's financial balance. 6) Invest in human
resources: Training leaders will provide them with real development ethics
based on rigour, creativity, understanding and respect for the rural
environment.
Programe principles- public involvement,
creating awareness, bringing financial solvency, identifying problem, direction
for solution and providing assistance, formulating programe and extending the
same on the basis of uptodate demand, intense monitoring and evaluation, accountability,
administrative skill and discipline.
Decision making process-
identification of problem, identification decision criteria, allocation of
weight to criteria, development of alternative, analysis of alternative,
selection of an alternative, implementation of alternative, evaluation of
decision effectiveness. Organizational culture- member identify, group
emphasis, people focus, unit integration, control, risk tolerance, reward
criteria, conflict tolerance, means end orientation, open system. System analysis
tries to find out the best way for a system to accomplish the task. Steps approach-
identify and describe the components of the system and their inter
relationships, develop logical models, analyze system performance and study
alternative means for accomplishing objectives in term of criteria (such as
cost, size, effectiveness and risk), select the best system on the basis of the
specific criteria. Intervention objectives- to identify needs, to evaluate
activities, to collect data on production, etc., to document and monitor the
development.
Planning- defining goals,
establishing strategy and developing plans to coordinate activities.
Organizing- detaching what needs to be done, how it will be done and who is to
do. Coordinating- integrating and harmonizing the various parts of
organization. Leading- directing and motivating all involved parties and
resolving conflicts. Controlling- monitoring activities to ensure that are
accomplished as planned.
Objective and scope for work: marketing of listed products
and service, providing special products and service, providing facilities to
the customers at reasonable price, maintaining co-ordination between the
customers and sellers, direct communication, counseling, creation demand of
products, helping in sale, market extension, export, providing transport
service, control of selling price and market, proper utilization of manpower,
development of technology and manpower, socio-economic, development, severing
excellence, maintaining qualitative value of essential service and products
including health and education, implementation of specialist and entrepreneur,
innovation, employment, source of income and assets, development of relation,
regional planned development, information collection, and help in campaign.
Elements of objective achieving: collection and analysis of information,
identifying alternative, taking decision, planning, organization, workers
employment, direction, motivation, coordination, control.
With planning, organization, leadership and controlling,
finance, manpower and utilization of limited resource by using less input
obtaining more output is called management. Elements of management: eligibility
to measure the objectives, specific time, participation of all employer,
evaluation of work progress, formulation planning of every thing in the light
of past experience and present situation, target, apply statistical strategy,
identifying problem, utilization of information, removal of disorder. Function
of management: pre-assumption, planning, organization, direction, workers
employment, motivation, coordination, control, devising innovation, process,
subject, principle, and program. The function of production management is that of
putting together inputs of person, capital, materials, information, and energy;
transforming them into products and services in the quantity, quality, time and
location that will meet organizations objectives best. Investment management:
loan or investment are to be applied in proper scheme, return the installment regularly,
or to provide a keen eye and supervision is especially needed. Deposit
management: to encourage in weekly savings and other investment and monitor the
aspects regularly. Against the savings, measure the rate of loan. Depending on
these, making arrangement to use the future fund. Formulation of annual target
and work plan: formulation of work plan on area based in each month for the
next month, determining target and strategy for implementation. It is better to
have separate divisions for each program activities.
Element of planning: priority, pervasion,
contribution, skill, continuation, reasonableness, aims and objectives,
assumption, clearness, information dependency, best alternative, flexibility,
classification of work, equality, small
to large. Considerable aspects of strategy in the planning: nature,
emergency, unity of purpose, providing continuous assistance, present
situation, easy accessibility of assets, probability of success, future
environment, expected response, expenditure, disruption, wastage of motivation,
hindrance to other techniques, side effect. Logistic of the planning: to
achieving objective, at the right place, right time in a numeric and a modest
way, easy attainability of the organization’s necessary humanistic, financial and
material assets. Steps for logistic planning: separation of the activities and
relating the parts, determining assets, determining time of achievability,
determining time for processing, determining date and time schedule. Steps to
planning: probable facilities, objectives, collection and analysis of
information, field, alternative process, evaluation, adopting the best
procedure, ancillary planning, determining time and program, participation,
strategy, work cycling, project projection, budget.
Customers preference, taste,
demand, emotion, mental spirit, pride, tendency are to be assessed after
collecting information, analysis of the same, clarification and supply, record,
maintaining co-ordination between various division and section, collection, and
the provision of supply should be ensured. Theory of necessity: physical,
security, social, self actuation, creativity. Distribution strategy: customers
market, purchasing process, selling process, searching facility, competition,
helpful functions, determining value. Environmental obstruct: education, social
and cultural, legal, technical, customary, economic, political. By taking order
from the authorized representative, hoarder, stockiest and exporter on the
basis of supplying coordinated enterprise, investment can be applied to new
production. Demand of the market is to be assessed through various sources.
Daily Activities: work deterring,
financing, management. Work conducting: skill, eligibility, experience,
education, self confidence, enterprise, courage, industry, intelligence,
sincerity, farsightedness, presence of intelligence, consideration of places
time and object, sense of time, proper utilization of opportunities, patience
and tolerance, perseverance, management skill, personality, frugality, unity,
equality, honesty, association, disposition of service, friendship, neat and
clean ship. Determining working area: to see the possible areas by
roaming, collection information and appoint workers accordingly on area basis.
For extension of working area, socio-economic survey and training for workers
are needed. It is needed to maintain good relation with local administrative,
political, social, religious, professional persons. Office duty:
administration, communication, public relation, determination of activist and
principles, formulation of planning, application of technique, research, cash
accounts, expenditure, audit, information collection-maintenance,
classification and supply, record, coordination among various divisions and
section, necessary equipments collection, work preservation, evaluation of
achievement of purpose, making budget, filing. Monitoring evaluation and
research: In determining principle, work policy in implementing progress of
work, nature, quantities and qualitative value in later period along with the
aims of work, if there is any inconsistency, that should be identified and
specific recommendations, proposals formulation, information collection
analysis of information, and recommendations to determine policy should be
presented. Principles of controlling: determining of standard value, measuring
development of the work, measuring work and quality, identifying and analysis
of cause, corrective measures. Controlling technique: budget and report, profit
and loss, investment return, key result area, self audit, internal audit.
Strategic field: changed service and product, distribution, growth, financial,
organizational, labourers and workers, public relation. Strategy application
field: determining field, reflection, assessment, situation, organizational
structure, training, creation of environment. Organizational culture: selection
of people, team effort, public interest, maintaining co-ordination,
controlling. Reduce of risk, rewarding, reducing animosity, preparation, free. These
socio-culture indicators should be considered by adoption, change in attitude,
decision making, change in ability, culture practices, role of women and other
descriptions. Motivation theory: Financial- salary, profit, bonus, promotion,
reward, ration, canteen, transportation, treatment, housing. Non-financial-
right, authority, responsibility, work environment, pleasant work, good
conduct, praising, reputation, training, motivation, democratic management,
sympathy to problem.
Elements of success: specification, smooth
planning, skilled management and governance, liability and distribution of
risk, research, changeability of demand, flexibility, complimentary and
ancillary organization, solvency, general agreement, development of personal
relation, principles of publicity and reputation, achieving confidence of
general people, coordination of capital and skill. Three stages of success- 1)
Top down (Objectives), 2) Work across (Measurable indicators and means of
verification), 3) Bottom up (Assumptions).
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