A valueless thing cannot exist. Whatever is less
valued, is neglected. Whatever is gained by paying some value, is valuable. If
somebody gets something without any cost, his greed is satisfied but he does
not acquire self-confidence. Nothing can be gained without paying anything for
it. In fact, nothing is valuable in this world. Value of anything depends on
its acceptability. Always some valuable things are manufactured and the meaning
of life is also changing day by day. Again, something becomes outdated with the
passage of time and it loses its value. If you are conscious about the actual
value of something you can go closer to the reality. The ratio upon which a
commodity or service is exchanged with one another, is called exchange value.
Exchange is a social process. The thing which is valueless, is also having a
market price. All the commodities and services including a man's honour and
conscience have an applied value. A commodity or a service are such things by
which people can meet their physical or mental demands. Commodities or services
are having various utilities. As such, those are having huge demand in the
market, causes of difference of a commodity or a service depend on partiality
the difference of its nature and partially on the social customs. Utility of a
commodity is created by its actual quality. Demand of a commodity is created on
the basis of its necessity. Requirement value along with utility should be
there for a commodity or service. Without market competition the quality of
products is not possible. The price of products or service is determined on the
ratio of the labour of production. The business price of products or service is
determined on the ratio of production and demand. If the supply is not enough
to meet the demand, the business price goes higher. Reversal, if the supply
surpasses the demand the price falls down. If the production or supply and
demand are harmonious then the business price and utility price become equal.
It should be remembered that in an artificial way, by creating a difference between
the utility price and business price make a huge profit. All the services and
commodities takes a particular commodity for comparison and equates it with
everything, this is currency. This cycling of currency through continuous
transfer from one hand to another is called currency velocity. If exchange is
always done in cash in production and trade, it can never grow a large one. Use
of currency notes is to be reduced by promissory notes or credit notes.
Although the total quantity of commodities remain the same but the prices of
gold, fuel and minerals vary, that is, if the market price is increased, more
currency will be required and vice versa. One can calculate the necessity of
money in a particular times, if he knows the prevailing market price and the
cash flow of that period. The more speedy the cash flow will be, the less cash
will be necessary, again, necessity of cash will increase with the decrease of
speed of cash flow. When cash flow is hindered, social transaction of materials
come to a stoppage. As during a crisis period, sales of commodities go down,
flow of currency comes to a standstill condition and speed of its flow goes
down. As a result, both sales and purchase come to a dead stop. Mismanagement
in the process of production is responsible for such crisis. Symptoms of
financial crisis and market recession- purchasing price of people gets down,
enough supply exists in the market, labour remains unemployed. If import
surpasses the export, a deep crisis is created in the financial condition. The
value of currency falls down, as a result, the raw materials and the imported
goods are to be purchased at a higher price. It’s instability is reflected in
socio-economic life. Because of rapid distribution and consumption, production,
excellence, trade and revenue get expanded. Due to disruption in the production
of foods, consumers products and service production price inflation occurs, as
a result value of currency decreases and inflation occurs. Lack of planning
ahead, incompetence, extortion, hoarding and also international market are
responsible for the price hike. The average people do not earn as much as they
need. Gap between incomes and expenditures reduced without ensuring the equity
of resources in society. In a society where there is big disparity between
different class it is bound to be affected by erratic market behaviour. The
field of flow of commodities is both national as well as international, so
different currencies are used in international trade, such as, Taka or Dollar.
But the value of gold or petroleum products are equal every where, which is
considered as a unit of value of all currencies. So, when one country is to pay
money to another country, it is to calculate the value of its currency with the
value of gold or petroleum’s products. Value of gold is the unit of calculating
the value of any currency. When somebody is compelled to join a profession,
irrespective of his wish and will, no strong mentality is grown there. Most of
the men are compelled to accept such a profession for his livelihood, which is
against his will and ability. A man is to learn his profession through hard
work, most of the men cannot succeed in this process. But the job of a woman as
a housewife or as a mother, is her own job and it is habitual to her. There is
the best way to do everything, even to boil an egg. An artist entertains others
with beauty and pleasure through his artistic works, as bees distribute honey
for others. He who works with his hands only is a worker, he is a technician
who works with his brain along with his hands, and he who combines his heart
with his hands and brain is an artist. Trade and commerce is meant for keeping
us physically alive and art is meant for keeping our hearts lively. An
efficient person in his own professions can be compared with an expert
physician. He who works, should be trusted. A research fellow should be
suspicious. A scientific worker should be a worker and a research fellow at the
same time. It is not possible to
promote a business without proper and timely supervision. Activeness is the
soul of a business. A businessman should not be a foppish man and to be a
husband one should be manly. Business can be compared with oil, as oil does not
mix up with anything but oil, business is exactly like that. The business of
all, is business of none. Business does not bow its head to any day other than
death. There is an utility
in every business to maintain the social norms. Business is the media of equity
between nations. Businessmen have no particular homeland. Engage yourself in
business, start an industry and leave the illusion for service. One can lead an
independent profession by a business. Many men becomes impatient to be
successful just after starting a business. And if he faces a bit loss at the
beginning, he starts seeking a service without any delay. Somebody cannot
steadily engage himself in business, he cannot succeed in this profession. He
who can tolerate the initial loss of a business, becomes gainer ultimately. One
can’t expect anything without taking any loss. No pain, no gain. Fools learn
after losing and cleavers learn after observing. One’s working efficiency is
proved when he can increase his cash capital to a large extent. Run your
business properly, otherwise it will drive you. He who starts with much, earns
less. When a man succeeds, he becomes free from anxieties but he may become
lethargetic. A business must give reminders to his debtors otherwise they don't
pay the debts. To increase your wealth, you are to increase your income and
decrease your expenses. You can go for a mission if there is a possibility of
gain. It is ultimately a loss for you, if you don’t invest your money properly
and can’t increase your profit. A direct loss is more harmful than an indirect
one. A businessman whose partner is more powerful than him is never safe. When
an organization is run by more than one people, nobody dares to make any
malpractice there, even if he intends to do it. A bank is more furious than a
violent soldier. A mortgage remains trustful but a mortgager finds out the loop
holes of the mortgage and keep on torturing there. If you remain always
conscious you won’t be loser. An old commodity can be sold by a reduced rate
presenting it in a new way with a less price. More sale with less profit
generates more profit at the end. When possibility is there to face difficulty
in profiting more, it is better to sell a thing in less time with a less
profit. When supply of daily essentials is less than demand a trader can make a
huge profit. It is not profitable to sell a commodity where it is produced.
When a commodity is not upto the required standard it won’t be sold even after
hard efforts, and the seller is to be loser sooner or later. In the present
production process, a particular standard of a commodity is maintained, and as
the commodity is for consumption of the customers, a particular class of people
are required to purchase it. The said particular standard is called equity.
When you purchase something, use your eyes not ears. In practice, demand is created
by supplying instead of supplying on demand. Because a customer does not know
what he wants. So, demand, satisfaction and consumption are unlimited, at the
same time, the traders have an urge for increasing their profit. Among the
customers, middle class people are majority among whom ladies are the highest
in number. It is a clever tactics of the businessmen to make the customers
habitual to credit, hire purchase and loan in disguise of payment on
installment. Capital is required
before starting a business. Business is impossible without capital. If you have
capital and have courage and intelligence at the same time, it will be wise for
you to start a business. When luck favours he starts rising up and up, rich and
richer. He reaches upto the peak of success. Most of the time, the ambition of
an experienced industrialist comes to a success. A man who is lazy, proud,
non-enthusiastic, afraid of bad reputation and lingering, can never earn much.
Avoid these six fault sleepe, drowsiness, fear, laziness, anger and wasting
time luck must favour you. If your capital ends up you will soon be a bankrupt.
Business means increase of capital. Labour is one of the commodities of
capitalism. Capital is a dominating political power. As nature hates a vacant
space, capital also run away from profitlessness or less profit but capital is
too much courageous where sufficient profit is there. Capitalist invest money
anywhere for ten percent profit, but they express extra interest for twenty
percent. At this stage fifty percent shows offensiveness openly and hundred
percent becomes ready to smash all human values with their feet. Cost of
production plus profit is equal to the price of a commodity. When cost of
production is deducted from the price of a commodity, the profit is derived.
The process of purchasing a commodity with the purpose of selling it at a
higher rate, changes a currency into a capital and the surplus amount of the
currency is called surplus value. Surplus value depends on length of working
hours, speed and efficiency of the workers and their wages. If the working days
and intensity of work increases and wages decreases, profit increases. A
capitalist invest capital as much required for quick sale of the products. A
capitalist is to keep a portion of his capital reserve as in the process of
reproductive system, he is to continue production process to supply his
commodities to the market continuously. When a product is sold and again
returns back to production of capital, is called turn over. The shorter this period
of return is, the more the speed of capital increases and the profit also
rises. Monopoly business is the source of unlimited income, in this way, it is
possible to fix the rate of commodity according to one's wish and huge profit
can be earned by stocking, without facing competition. In monopoly business
they can purchase all the commodities exclusively and again they can control
the market according to their choice and as such they get a chance malpractice
and to materialize their greed. For maintaining the common interests of a small
group of traders, traders of same nature follow some common rules. Oppression
of the syndicate of traders and the individual traders are more server. They
openly seze the money and sometimes lives of many people in lieu of a very
little amount of money. Value is created by labour, so a capitalist should find
out such a commodity, use and application of which means the product of surplus
value. The motto of capitalism is profit, competition and enjoyment. In this
process, women, children and the poor community or zones are mostly loser.
Everything is taken up on need basis. Difference between the price of a
commodity and the wages of the works is equal to the profit of a capitalist.
Cost of production goes down and profit goes up when a product is produced in a
short time. Depreciation goes up when continuous production is not there.
Initial capital of a capitalist increases with different elements of process
such as labour force and raw materials for production. Either in slavery or in
labourer system, outputs of the surplus working hours of the slaves or the
labourer, who are the actual producers, are always snatched away and enjoyed by
the capitalists. In all the process of productions capital dominates labour.
Different amount of minimum capital is required in different types of
production. The producer tries to increase their profit by decreasing cost of
production and increasing working efficiency and period. Purpose of a producer
is to win the competitive market by increasing rate of production and
decreasing price of the commodities. If the same amount of capital is used in
the process of production without any surplus value, is called simple
reproduction. The main target of a capitalist is the exchange value of his commodities.
As rise in price is his only desire, he compels the workers to produce for the
sake of production. Capital is otherwise called the recess of enjoyment, which
gradually concentrates the social wealth to the wealth of the capitalists.
Although the social capital is scattered to many hands, yet its rise is called
centralization. But when many capitalists go out of the market and the capital
is concentrated to a less number of capitalists is called centralization. A
large scale co-operative association is required to increase individual capital
and to increase the rate of production. The decentralized co-operative movement
should extended for benefit of producers and purchaser. Cottage industry and
firms should establish expanded at door to door. Large scale industries can
destroy the small scale industries through competition. The competition is
conducted through reducing prices of the commodities. Reducing prices of the
commodities depend on rate of production by the workers. Rate of production can
be increased by increasing capital and introducing large scale co-operative
production. Political unrest is contradictory to industrial production and
economics. The economics is creation and distribution of resources. A
capitalist can be a greater capitalist by destroying another capitalist through
the war of competition. As a result, gradually, number of capitalists will
decrease and a few number of big capitalists will exist and than poverty,
torture, slavery and oppression will extend day by day. Business does not
depend on capital only but it also depends on intellect as well. The business
can not sustain if lack of faith remains among producer and consumer, owner and
employes. A subordinate is judged by his actions, not by the work. The
intelligent and for-sighted people make more profit by investing less money. It
is not possible to run any business without taking the shelter of some
pretension. No commercial activity is completed without any hypocrisy. One is
start a business himself. A business should be such where the owners need not
to remain present. And efficient manpower is required to conduct a business. If
the owners want to run their business themselves, their merit and time will be
wasted and they will lose the chances of new investments. If an owner works
himself for his business, then it does not remain a business but a service. It
is really tough to find out a devoted, trustworthy, honest, active, hard
working, efficient, courageous, enthusiastic, that is, a good employee. A
businessman should attend to the commodities which are valuable,
income-generating, have a probability of rise in price and have sufficient
demand in the market. An intelligent investor don't wait for the season of a
particular business but he always remains prepared for any situation, so that
he may not lose any chance losing time for preparation. He knows that first of
all, he should make profit during purchase, otherwise he won't be able to make
profit while selling it. They wait with patience. Investment will come and go
away, market will rise and fall, economy will grow and break down this process
goes on. There will be a change in the world. Changes are continuously going in science and
technology. Everyday of our life is giving us opportunities for once only. But
most of the time, we don’t see those. But these opportunities may help us to
attain financial security for generations after generations. New chances are
availed by the capitalists to expand the list of their assets with the change
of the nature of the market and controlling the supply according to the demand
of the market. A lot of money can be earned through executing a single
agreement between a seller and a purchaser. This is an easy and simple instance
of earning money by using brain only. If you want to be a mediator, first
search for purchasers and then sellers. Those who are habituated to think over
trifle matters all the time, can never rise up. First think high. Activeness
wins over inactiveness. The small companies dealing with stock exchange have rise
up through their activeness. Every self-made man starts with a little idea,
then he makes it greater. Decide with what you have in your brain and hands.
Money is only an idea. One cannot become financially solvent if he uses his
brain and time like a fool. Take a decision to improve your financial status
using each farthing judiciously each day after finding out various ways of
making the best use of money. The future of yourself and your next generation
will be decided on your decision taken today, not on tomorrow. Take time and
grow knowledge in economy, apply the powers of your brain as well as your
wealth. Remember, time is also one of your wealth. Knowledge on economics
consists of four applied efficiencies. Knowledge of economics, strategy or
technique of investment, demand of the market and supply and law and
accounting. Knowledge of economics is accounting, investment, co-ordination of
market and laws. It becomes easier to earn money with the applied efficiency of
all these factors. A well-planned process is to be found out for making success
in earning money. Knowledge of economics means more than one substitutes. Rich
people take risk of investing money judiciously and with creative way of
thinking. They can never be a gainer who never want to be a loser. They think
over the number of possibilities to come out after investing a particular
amount in a particular sector instead of thinking over pessimistically. For
occurring a particular occurrence people may have to wait for a long time. It
is just like expecting that all the traffic signals will be green before you
start from your home. The greatest asset is our intelligence. If we can train
it up well it can produce a huge money within no time. And a mentality without
any training may beget an extreme poverty which may continue through
generations after generations. It is not an unrealistic or imaginary idea that
anybody can earn a lot of money. There are thousands of ways for serving a
particular purpose. Only a strong foundation and technique is required. The
transactions which make a rich richer, are very risky. Well protected and
secured investments are not so much profitable. Financial intelligence
recognizes bad transactions and can make it a good one. Knowledge, experience
and training is required for this. Sow a small number of seeds. You will find
that some of it will grow up and some will not. Applied knowledge, intelligence
and concentration are required for lessening loss and risk. Whatever you know
is the greatest wealth and whatever you don't know is the greatest risk. Risk
is always there and always will be there. So, you should face the risk and not
to overlook it. One can prosper in a losing situation with his economic
intelligence. You are to find out the ways of investment and to organize
efficient experienced and intelligent persons, if you want to be economically
judicious. Different techniques, formulas and models are used to earn more with
the help of money and intelligence. These are really creative. So, a
businessman should know the techniques of the present marketing science. Big
businessman and bureaucrats know it inheritably. Be expert in a particular
technique and then learn another. If you can’t earn sufficient amount of money,
change your technique again. In this quick changing world what you know is not
so much valuable. Because probably, what you know is mostly outdated, so that
is important how quickly you can learn the new techniques. He who gets more
information’s at a proper time, becomes rich quicker than others. This is the
age of information technology. Now a days, information’s move throughout the
world at the speed of light. Now, we are to adjust ourselves with the
techniques of science and technology. Because some old ideas are a great
hindrance towards, our progress. Somebody does not want understand it and to
change their lives, they don’t understand that those ideas were assets for us
in the past but now it is outdated. Information is invaluable. A good middle
man should pass all informations and to train you up managing a time for this.
These people are professional experts. A business man's income increases by
their service, so they should be sincere towards expenditure for them. You can
make as much wealth as they can. They will act as your eyes and ears in the market.
Common people pay 15-20 percent tips to people from their budget, but they feel
it hard to spend 3-6 percent for the people who help them to increase their
wealth. Behave justifiably with them and they will also behave well with you.
If you always think how to deduct their commission. Then why will they remain
beside you. Payment of money is a must for earning money. In average, among 10
investments, 2-3 beget a huge profit, 2-3 beget loss, and the rest 5-6 beget no
profit. So, always keep the loss limited within your invested capital. Gamble
with so much amount of money loss of which won’t harm you significantly. Those
who don’t like to take risk and want to invest their money in a definite and
secured way, keep their money in a bank. Less savings for a long time is better
than no savings. But it takes much time to get back your money. ROI through
which you can earn more than your investment and where you get an asset free
after recovering your full investment is important. For example, you have purchased
a motor vehicle by three lac taka on credit. And you give rent vehicle and
within three years time you have repaid its price fully along with the
interest. At last, you have got the vehicle as an asset. As a state policy is
fully a state's own affair, livelihood of a man is also his personal affair. As
such, so much competition, jealousy, fraud and meanness are there in this
field. Whatever a man wants, wants to get in any way. You are greedy, as such,
you wall up your house. I am also greedy as such I break into your house. If
you make a trick, I will make a technique. These are the realities of the
world. All the kingdoms and empires and all the major activities of the world
are running on this principle. Greed for wealth is the root of all the disturbances
in the world. He who is never cheated, cannot cheat somebody else. Exploiters
become rich by exploiting the poor and weak people. Nobody can be a wealthy man
without corruption, exploitation and misappropriation of others' money. As
there is only one way to give birth to a child, there is the only one way to
become a billionaire, and that is theft and corruption. Nobody can be a rich
man by earning money alone. Public money is ownerless like rain water, anybody
can earn it if he has the required qualities. A man becomes a rich man by
misappropriating the money of the government, state, nationalized financing
organizations, which is the public money. Purpose of being a rich man is not to
accumulate abundant of money for oneself only. But side by side to make his
neighbours poor as well. Otherwise one does not get full satisfaction of being
a rich man. To become a rich man in an undeveloped country means to spoil a
nation to a great extent. The great thieves snatch away the scopes of stealing
by the small thieves. He is the greatest rich man who has nothing of his own. A
single correct idea saves one from the fatigue of acquiring a long experience.
The country where both seller and purchasers are thieves, where most of the
government officials take bribe, controlling of market there means to create a
scope for black marketing. So far, a person or a nation has become rich by dint
of all kinds of injustice and cruelty. One can own money double than another,
by only swallowing someone's money, otherwise he would be parallel to others.
The best way to become a rich man is not to spend. He who is not capable of
being a wealthy man, is afraid of spending money. A master finds out endless
faults of his subordinates. Sometimes again, a master is to pretend like a deaf
and sometimes else like a dumb. A masters eyes are more active than his hands.
Those who can get their works done by others, don’t bother to be polite to
others. Pay the wages to the labourer before his sweat dries up. Remuneration
of a worker may sometimes be paid by appreciation, he who gives pleasure to
others, deserves love from others. We want to see the account of our enter loss
or profit instantly like a small shop-keeper, but accounts of a large scale
trade cannot be calculated in this way. Ideology of a nation can be judged by
its advertisements. Modern business depend on instigating and alluring people.
Purpose of an advertisement is to create a new want in the people’s mind for a
thing which they have not yet enjoyed. Popularity of yourself or your
commodities will not increase without publicity. The most important factor of a
successful advertisement is to express more in less word. When packets, label,
trade mark, design and publicity of a commodity are attractive, the commodity
itself will also be attractive to the consumers. Now a days, nothing is
accepted automatically, but strong efforts are required to make a commodity
acceptable to the people. Publicity is also required for the sermon of Jesus to
be acceptable to the people. In this age, publicity is customary and praising
is quite natural. God himself may lose his charm without publicity. Everything
is going to be excellent only with the help of advertisement. Through
advertisement, an obsolete commodity may be converted into a hot cake and an
unknown and ordinary matter or a person can be converted as a popular one. With
the help of an advertisement a third class book makes it place side by side
with a first class book. To do business without an advertisement and to give a
sweet smile to a beautiful woman from darkness, are the same. You only know
what you are doing but nobody else knows it. Publicity is the life of commerce.
Advertisement means publicity and publicity means expansion. Media pushes a
business forward. A weighing scale does not differentiate between gold and
lead. Some traders use some particular kinds of scales to deceive the
purchasers such as, those are made of light metals so that those can be leaned
to the deserved side according to the wish of the seller, sometimes led or
mercury is entered in its beam at the side where the commodities are kept,
sometimes holes are made on the beam so that it goes down due to weight of the
air, and sometimes they use ropes with knots to make one side of the scale
heavier. The trick by which a genuine commodity is replaced by an ingenuine
commodity is called removal. Deceive purchasers by pouring down in a covered
intentionally to collect it later on, use looks and internationally pour down
with the hooks with an intention of stealing and by weighing scale and weight
applying various tactics. And sometimes they mix some other cheap materials
with valuable materials to deceive the customers. Sometimes they pack ingenuine
materials inside and genuine materials on the top. Sometimes, they remove some
commodities after it is weighty packed. Fraud on scale, remove some commodities
after it is weighed, take away some additional commodities before it is
weighted. Traders raises the normal prices of the commodities through different
tricks, they sell a commodity at a price more than what is written on its
level, they sell a commodity at a higher price when its price goes a slight
higher. To control the price hike- price fixation of product and service at
maximum and minimum, intelligence to be appointed to collect information of
market, ensuring distribution and stock, control private stocker. Tax
Department should have informations like, which product is produced where, its
brand name, number, quality and quantity of the product and other full descriptions
regarding the trades. Duties of tax department is assessment and collection of
current and outstanding taxes assessment of income and expenditure of the
probable tax payers, finding out the sources of different kinds of taxes,
arrangements of collection of taxes, acquiring knowledge on different kinds of
taxes and an overall knowledge on taxation. The 1/3 tax was fixed for crops
produced. A taxation officer may earn in some other ways, for example, taking
toll from a defaulter, taking toll by showing his authority, taking bribe from
a tax payer by exempting him from taxation and taking toll in disguise through
gift. At the same time can create chaos between wicked persons and can control
them easily. A government can raise the collection of revenue by investigating
the sources and amounts of income from the corrupted persons. Financial
ministry is to control capital, interest and taxes. When a government officer
is appointed for a particular position in a particular place for a long time,
normally he tends to take bribe by giving undue advantages to the dishonest
persons. Monarch servants have been given Khas lands in stead of cash money.
Arrange for fooding, lodging and salary of the employers according to the
importance of their works. Don't lose your temper on the failures of your
subordinates, don't be excited and impatient when they make a mistake. Because
one should not be angry or revengeful while carrying out duties of the state.
Different departments of the government administrator is to look after
corruption, bribe, duties of the govt. officials and finding out
falsifications. Products and the income derived from, giving short measure,
mixture of genuine and sparious objects, to render truth false and falsehood
true. Concerned government officers should inspect the heritages, holy places
and the activities of the scholars, distressed people orphans and woman and
they should take interview of the visitors of the working places and should
take necessary action as deemed fit. A prostitute misuses the power of
reproduction on the other hand, an honest woman is guilty of hindering the
power of reproduction. A prostitute can increase her income to a great extent
by acting, dancing, singing, playing instrumental music, sweet words, showing
acrobatics, recitation, painting works, practicing astrology manufacturing
essence, making garlands, body message, making fun, through sex play etc. Once
the commodities comes to the control of a person, it exiles difference in the
standard of living between class to class, which brings deference and
distinction in all spheres in life. The object of classification is commodities
and relative facilities. Class relation is mainly conflict and dashing. It is
influenced to a great extent by determining the structure of different
department and corporation by financial grants. In the world people engage
themselves in different professions according to their merits. People are
divided according to the nature of their jobs. The money earned by an ordinary
means can be doubled when some technique is added to it.
No comments:
Post a Comment